Spies and Holy Wars: The Middle East in 20th-Century Crime Fiction

Notes

A Note regarding citations: Complete citations of novels (city, publisher, date of publication ) will be included in the notes only when quotations are used from specific volumes. Otherwise, only the initial date of publication will be provided. Chapter 1 1. This definition comes from Caroline Reitz, Detecting the Nation: Fictions of Detection and the Imperial Venture (Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2004). Popular culture theorists note that fiction for popular consumption emerged in Britain with the Industrial Revolution and urbanization. Whether popular culture was a capitalist imposed device to maintain control, a product of the people or an interactive process is a continuing debate (John Storey, Cultural Theory and Popular Culture: An Introduction, 5th ed. (New York: Pearson, 2009). 2. It is understood that today, Muslims use the term jihad to mean “to exert an effort” both in a moral sense and also in defense of the Islamic community. In this book, jihad connotes the Western perception of “holy war” as it has been used in the crime fiction books under study. 3. John Sutherland, Bestsellers: Popular Fiction of the 1970s (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1981), 18–23. 4. Janice Radway, Reading the Romance: Women, Patriarchy, and Popular Literature (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1984). Notes N o t e s t o p a g e s 3 – 6 128 5. Michael Denning, Cover Stories: Narrative Ideology in the British Spy Thriller (London , 1987), 18–20. 6. Conversation by author with acquisitions librarian at the Long Beach Public Library, Long Beach, New York, May 18, 2009. 7. John M. Reilly, “Publishing, History of the Book,” in Rosemary Herbert, ed., The Oxford Companion to Crime and Mystery Writing (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), 360; George Kelley, “Paperbacks,” Herbert, 323. 8. Lars Ole Sauerberg, “Literature in Figures: An Essay on the Popularity of Thrillers ,” Orbis Litterarum 38(1983), 98. 9. Jerry Palmer, Potboilers: Methods, Concepts and Case Studies in Popular Fiction (London: Routledge, 1991), 38–40. 10. Judith Rosen, “Sleuthing in the Stores,” Publishers Weekly (April 22, 2002), 5; Albert Greco, The Book Publishing Industry, 2nd ed. (Lawrence Erlbaum, 2004). 11. Profitability in the book industry is much like the film industry, which was inherently anti-war in the immediate aftermath of Vietnam but, despite the Hollywood political climate began to produce such pro-military films as the Rambo series, Top Gun and An Officer and a Gentleman, because of their profitability . Publishers publish books that are deemed marketable. 12. The traditional set of rules for mystery writers is found in Father Ronald Knox’s introduction to The Best English Detective Stories of 1928. Edited by Knox and Harrington (New York, 1928). 13. Heta Pyrhonen, Murder from an Academic Angle: An Introduction to the Study of the Detective Narrative (Columbia, South Carolina: Camden House, 1994); John Ball, ed., The Mystery Story (New York: Penguin, 1978); Julian Symonds, Mortal Consequences: A History from the Detective Story to the Crime Novel (New York: Schocken Books, 1973). 14. Examples: Archaeological digs in Egypt: John Hymers, Utter Death (1952); Frank Gruber, Bridge of Sand (1963); Elizabeth Peters, The Curse of the Pharaohs (1981); Robin Cook, Sphinx (1979). Turkey: Sylvia Angus, Death of a Hittite (1969); Israel : Margot Arnold, Zadok’s Treasure (1980). Iraq: Agatha Christie, Murder in Mesopotamia (1936). Cruise ships on the Nile: Francis McKinley, Death Sails the Nile (1933); Agatha Christie, Death on the Nile (1937); Jessica Mann, Death Beyond the Nile (1988). 15. This example comes from Safia El Wakil, “Egypt in American and British Popular Fiction,” Images of Egypt in Twentieth Century Literature [Proceedings—International Symposium on Comparative Literature, 1989] (Cairo, 1991), 392. 16. Manning O’Brine, Corpse to Cairo (1952). 17. Phyllis A. Whitney, “Gothic Mysteries,” in John Ball, ed., The Mystery Story (New York: Penguin, 1976), 223–232 18. Anne Eliot, Incident at Villa Rahmana (New York: Hawthorne Books, 1972), 12. 19. Anne Maybury, The Midnight Dancers (New York: Random House, 1973), 4. N o t e s t o p a g e s 6 – 1 1 129 20. Zeynep Çelik, Empire, Architecture, and the City: French-Ottoman Encounters, 1830–1914 (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2008); see also the work of Susan Ossman, Picturing Casablanca: Portraits of Power in a Modern City (Berkeley : University of California Press, 1994). 21. Phyllis Whitney, Black Amber(New York: Appleton Century Crofts, 1964), 13–14. 22. Jerry Palmer, Thrillers: Genesis and Structure of a Popular...