Limiting Resources: Market-Led Reform and the Transformation of Public Goods

Index

I N D E X Pages in italics indicate references that appear in tables. accountability, 13, 43, 52, 73–85, 124, 201 of business, 17, 29, 42 and citizenship, 60, 197, 198 in Costa Rica, 57, 71, 112, 186 in El Salvador, 57, 96, 191–92, 206, 207 and human rights, 6, 36, 56, 205 shifts under neoliberalism, 148, 155–64, 170–74, 173, 206 of states, 10, 18, 40 alternatives (to market-led reform), 7, 99, 121, 160–61, 165, 171, 178–79 in Costa Rica, 72, 112, 117–18, 169, 179–81, 183–86, 208 in El Salvador, 72, 79, 165, 187, 188–92, 209 and shrinking ‘‘policy space,’’ 4, 12, 108, 160–61, 176 suppression of, 21, 33–35, 45–46, 118, 151, 171, 201–7 Arias Sanchez, Oscar, 100, 167, 181, 183, 185 capacity, state, 18, 40–42, 150, 207 for accountability, 74 -building, 9, 21, 42–43, 146, 153, 190, 208 in Costa Rica, 62–63, 98, 100, 104, 105, 117, 142 dismantling of, 122–24, 146, 150, 185 in El Salvador, 67, 72, 92, 96, 138–39, 153, 188 financial, 70 regulatory, 64, 135–36, 141 capacity, public, 76, 78, 81, 82, 84 CAFTA (Central America Free Trade Agreement), 17, 46, 107, 148, 157, 161, 166. See also NAFTA in Costa Rica, 111, 117, 158–60; referendum , 166–68, 170; resistance to, 108, 160, 175–76, 181, 183, 185 in El Salvador, 189 citizenship, 36–37, 82–83, 202. See also accountability, rights and claims to public goods, 37, 48, 53, 54, 157 in Costa Rica, 18, 64, 70, 76–77, 89, 164 in El Salvador, 16, 18, 78, 80 in Latin America, 7, 37 versus consumerism, 33, 60, 172, 185, 196–97, 198 concertación, 77 in Costa Rica, 179–80 in El Salvador, 78–79, 163, 174 corruption, 10, 29, 59–60, 132, 164, 201 in Costa Rica, 111–12 in El Salvador, 135 Costa Rica, 2–3, 15–16, 17–18, 56–57, 60, 96–119 ARESEP (Public Services Regulatory Authority), 63, 68–69, 142, 143. See also Costa Rica, SNE AyA (Costa Rican Institute of Aqueducts and Sewage Systems), 62, 63–64, 144, 147, 182 civil war in, 88, 179 constitutional court (Sala IV), 76, 77, 116, 161 constitution of, 16, 56, 88, 89 in Costa Rica, 98–105, 117, 166, 170 crisis narratives, 156, 166. See also debt, debt crisis; fear, politics of ICE (Costa Rican Electricity and Telecommunications Institute): history and structure of, 60–61, 71, 111; marketization of, 100–107, 112–15, 117, 119, 136, 147, 158; political interference in, 108–12; resistance to marketization of, 101–3, 175, 178, 181; rhetorical attacks on, 166 SNE (National Electricity Service), 68–69, 88, 142. See also Costa Rica, ARESEP social democracy in, 16, 56, 63, 88, 96, 179, 183 236 INDEX Costa Rica (continued) solidary model of development in, 64, 76, 89, 178, 186, 204, 208 debt, debt crisis, 8–9, 99, 118. See also crisis narratives in Costa Rica, 103–5, 110 in El Salvador, 127, 144 development aid, 144 in Costa Rica, 16, 56, 98, 101, 105, 107, 111 economics, 10, 122 in El Salvador, 67, 89 market-led, 116, 122–25, 195, 223. See also IADB, market theory, World Bank in public goods sectors, 58–73 rights (based approaches) to, 4–6, 36, 39 state-led, 7–10, 41–42, 93, 122–24, 142, 150, 203–5 sustainable. See sustainability double movements, 20, 46–47, 84–85, 125. See also social movements in Costa Rica, 89, 186, 208 current era, 53, 96, 155, 172, 176–79, 201–2 in El Salvador, 192 electricity. See also public goods distribution, 61, 91–92, 128, 129–32 generation (all types), 59, 129, 136–38, 141, 161, 185, 200 hydroelectricity, 59, 141, 199; in Costa Rica, 60–61, 166, 185; in El Salvador, 63–64, 141, 187, 189 El Salvador, 1–2, 16–18, 56–57 AES Corporation (and subsidiary CAESS), 91–92, 128, 129, 131–32, 134–35 ANDA (National Administration of Aqueducts and Sewage Systems), 126, 135; and water reform, 187–88, 191; history and structure of, 63, 67, 92; marketization of, 144, 147 ANEP (National Association of Private Business), 126, 128, 139, 162–63, 165 ARENA (National Republican Alliance), 144, 162, 174; and marketization, 79, 126, 128, 165, 168, 187, 190 CDC (Center for Consumer Defense), 79, 186–87, 191, 192 CEL (Lempa River Executive Hydroelectric Commission), 63–64, 126, 129, 137–38, 147, 174–75...