Jalos, USA: Transnational Community and Identity

Index

217 I N D e x assimilation downward, 175–76 model, 7–8, 11, 15, 179, 197n.5 and religion/church, 34, 113 resistance to, 46 reverse, 34, 169 See also immigrant paradox ausentes identification with Jalos, 1–2, 20, 180 life changes, 167–70 parade in honor of, 31 pilgrimages, 132, 158 recognition of, 22, 31, 185 relations with presentes, 47–48, 165–67 and remesas (remittances), 96, 168 return during fiestas, 20, 31–34, 164 symbols of material success, 185 Barajas, Manuel, 13, 15, 40–41, 164 Brigadas Femeninas, Las (BBs), 137–38 Brown v. Board of Education, 190 Calles, Plutarco elias, 135, 137, 140. See also Cristero war Carnaval activities, 31–32 and circular migration, 102 importance in courtship, 3, 33, 60, 73–74, 121 promoting Jalos identity, 2–3, 20, 30–31, 164, 185 use of alcohol during, 20, 26, 57, 97, 122 circular (cyclical) migration, 13, 20, 33, 42, 181–84, 197n.6 convivir (conviviencia), 37, 119, 201n.4 courtship (noviazgo, cortejo) changes in, 39–41, 44–47 community attitudes, 54–59 and marriage, 59–63 rituals, 2, 3, 16, 22–23, 33, 43–49 youth attitudes, 49–54 Cristeros anacleto gonzález Flores, 135, 202n.3 army (la guardia Nacional), 136–37 composition of, 135–37, 202n.7 in Jalostotitlán, 137 martyrs, 5, 132, 138–41, 159 National Catholic Party (PCN), 134 218 index overview of, 136–38 priests as, 138 toribio Romo, 5, 131–32, 137–38 women as, 137–38 Cristero war (Cristiada) causes of, 5, 40 combatants, 202n.7 commander gorostieta, 202n.8 and Jalos identity, 180 martyrs, 132 in Mexican film, 202n.4 overview of, 132–38 and toribio Romo, 17, 132, 138–41 and la “U,” 202n.3 cultural capital, 60, 174–76, 181–86, 204n.4. See also Jalostotitlán, work ethic cultural citizenship, 187, 193 devil in south texas folklore, 154–56 “discrete and insular minority,” 157, 203n.18 discrimination based on language, culture, or immigration status, 16, 37, 96, 112, 119, 187–93 in Catholic Church, 37, 96, 112, 119, 192 de facto vs. de jure, 204n.3 racial, 16, 92, 100, 119, 122, 123, 155, 175, 189–90, 192, 204n.3 work ethic and perception of, 90, 95, 100, 112, 174–75 domestic violence in Jalos, 55, 73, 76, 170 and machismo, 69–70, 73, 199n.2 (ch. 3) in turlock, 55, 76, 77, 170 See also ranchero masculinity escobar, arturo, 10, 176 gangs insulation from, 169 in Jalos, 55, 102–3, 110, 116–17, 168–69 in turlock, 116, 117, 123, 125, 169, 201n.6 glick-schiller, Nina, 10–13, 197n.4. See also transnationalism gutmann, Matthew changing conceptions of masculinity, 68 Mexican national identity in film, 69–70 hagan, Jacqueline autonomy of immigrant Mayan women, 68–69 houston Mayan community, 13 importance of social networks, 176 migration miracles, 203n.17 researching undocumented persons, 106 haney lópez, Ian construction of whiteness, 16, 188 race and immigration status, 186 white identity, 189 Hernandez v. Driscoll, 191 Hernandez v. New York, 189 hirsch, Jennifer, attitudes toward marriage, 41, 72–73 rejection of ranchero masculinity, 167 Cristeros (cont.) index 219 immigrant paradox, 42, 175 immigration assimilationist model of, 7–8, 10, 15, 193, 197n.5 generational differences in, 16, 39–43, 71, 86, 122, 164–67, 175–76 importance of human capital, 181, 185–87, 193 meshworks, 10, 176 push/pull model of, 7–9 and race, 12, 16, 186, 189, 190–92 structural imbalancing, 8–9 theories of, 6–12 third space, 10, 157, 180–82 transnational theories of, 10–17, 42, 157, 187 Infante, Pedro, 71, 75, 198n.4, 200n.6 Jalostotitlán (“Jalos”) identification with, 179–84, 184–85 sample, xi–xii sociohistorical overview of, 4–5 and transnational migration, ix–x, 1, 3, 13, 22, 34 work ethic, 174–76, 184 limón, José, 154–60 macho/machismo and childrearing, 127–29, 200nn.12–13 images in Mexican film, 46, 69–71, 82, 200n.6 impact of migration, 16, 65 in Jalisco, 41, 55, 69, 75–76, 200n.6 in Jalos, 76 overview of, 65–83 positive and negative views of, 67, 70–71 and ranchero masculinity, 40, 67–83, 199n.1 (ch. 3), 200n.7 structural explanation of, 68–69 marriage community attitudes toward, 54–59 companionate vs. traditional, 41, 63, 72–73, 78 and courtship, 2, 16, 39, 41, 43–49, 51–54 importance for Jalos girls...