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372 behaviorism, 87–90, 303, 326 Berkeley, George, 25, 29, 36, 79 and G. E. Moore, 43 bundle theory, 57, 165–68. See also substance causation, 193, 203–4 argument from causal closure, 2–4, 33, 35, 132 downward causation, 183. See also dualism, and causal relations consciousness animal, 97–99 and conscious beings, 6–9. See also experience, subjects of hard problem of, 86, 232 stream of consciousness, 6–8, 193 unity of consciousness, 57, 189, 192, 211, 244, 248–49 death and dualism, 357–59 life after, 60, 75–76 and resurrection, 338–46 Descartes, René, 28, 49–52, 76–78, 105, 163 dualism and a priori metaphysics, 12. See also possibility, and conceivability and causal relations, 30, 52–54, 95–96 conceptual, 87 emergent, 181–82, 186. See also physicalism, and emergence and indistinction, 277–79. See also substance, pure mental and intentional relations, 30, 156 kinds of arguments for, 9 naturalness of, 38–40 non-Cartesian, 48–52 Index Index  373 and the pairing problem, 187 property, 104 empiricism, 73, 299 and rationalism, 299 epiphenomenalism, 219 evolution and dualism, 39–40, 64 experience, 72, 207–8, 221, 237. See also consciousness complex/simple, 9 intentional objects of, 33, 38 and spirituality, 308–11 subjects of, 9, 48, 72, 75–77. See also substance functionalism, 88–90, 201, 303 Hume, David, 57, 155, 165 Husserl, Edmund, 7, 26 idealism and materialism, 27 ontological, 26, 304 identity theory, mind-brain, 88–89 immaterialism, 105 individuals and individual essences, 266–67 and substance, 48. See also substance, simple Kant, Immanuel, 35, 49, 188 and representationalism, 36 Moore, G. E., 26–27 and Berkeley, 43 and the external world, 43 panpsychism, 56, 92, 206, 250–55 and micropsychism, 211, 214, 224 and neutral monism, 209, 241, 246 physicalism, 271–74 and concept of the physical, 232 and emergence, 182–85, 188. See also dualism, emergent and the inscrutability of the physical, 94, 202 and the knowledge argument, 232 nonreductive, 2, 77, 79, 84 reductive, 2, 79, 84 and science, 29–30, 297–300 possibility argument from impossibility, 115–25 argument from possibility, 105–9 and conceivability, 267–70, 285–91, 361–62 logical and metaphysical, 149–53 and possible worlds, 150, 204, 265, 136–41, 163, 282–91 properties mental, 147–49, 157, 173 mental and physical, 135, 202 physical, 212–13, 274 primary and secondary qualities, 201–2, 235, 241 protophenomenal, 248 and topic-neutrality, 200–201, 218 qualia, 4, 158, 205, 213, 221–22, 231 and information, 123 and introspection, 90–91 irreducibility of, 5, 232 374  Index skepticism, 28 substance, 158–60. See also experience, subjects of and events, 110–12 mental, 148 persistence conditions of, 51, 58, 162, 323–25, 352–53 pure mental, 170–73, 275–77 and self, 53, 65–68, 190, 280–82, 360 simple, 53–54, 186 and thisness, 160–62, 176n13, 190. See also dualism, and indistinction supervenience, 61–63, 149–50, 164, 240 and emergence, 63–64 and neural dependence, 133 theism, 96, 187, 195, 300–302, 334 and atheism, 97, 303 ...

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