Notes
NOTES Abbreviations Used in Notes AAL Archivo Arzobispal de Lima AOJ Archivo del Obispo de Juli BNP Biblioteca Nacional del Perú, Sala de Investigaciones, Lima CVR Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación MFBA Maryknoll Fathers and Brothers Archive, Maryknoll, New York MMA Maryknoll Mission Archives, Maryknoll, New York UARM Universidad “Antonio Ruiz de Montoya” USCMA/ U.S. Catholic Mission Associates/Maryknoll Mission Archives, MMA Maryknoll, New York Introduction 1. From the beginning, Maryknoll was devoted to disseminating knowledge of mission and the world to Catholics in the United States. Maryknoll’s publicity magazine, the Field Afar (later Maryknoll ), had a circulation of over 300,000 in 1951–78, over 800,000 in 1979–83, and over 1.2 million in 1984–85. William D. McCarthy, M.M., provided me with these statistics obtained from the Catholic Press Directory (annual publication of the U.S. Catholic Press Association, Ronconkoma , NY). In 1970 Father Miguel d’Escoto, editor of the Maryknoll magazine , founded Orbis Books with the goal of bringing “Third World theological thought to English-speaking countries.” James P. Noon, M.M., “Mission Is for All,” Maryknoll (April 1981): 10. The 1980 Orbis catalog listed 184 books, more than half of which dealt with issues of justice and peace and more than 50 of which were written by third world theologians. Latin America was represented in 61 titles, among whose authors were Leonardo Boff, Dom Helder Camara, Ernesto Cardenal, Joseph Comblin, Enrique Dussel, Gustavo Gutiérrez, and Jon 244 Sobrino. Al Imfeld, S.M.B., “Books Bridge Different Worlds,” Maryknoll (April 1981): 53–55. Monsignor George Higgins, retired labor and interreligious affairs expert for the U.S. Catholic Conference, observed in 1981, “It is literally true to say, I think, that if Orbis had not made these volumes available (at a very reasonable price, I might add), most of us in the United States, including specialists, would never have had access to them and, in fact, might never even have heard of them.” George C. Higgins, “Orbis Leads Its Chosen Field,” Maryknoll (April 1981): 55–57. Orbis would also publish the documents of the 1968 Medellín Conference of Latin American Bishops. Angelyn Dries, O.S.F., The Missionary Movement in American Catholic History (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1998), 214. 2. Donna Whitson Brett and Edward T. Brett, Murdered in Central America : The Stories of Eleven U.S. Missionaries (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1988); and Phillip Berryman, The Religious Roots of Rebellion: Christians in Central American Revolutions (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1984). 3. Marjorie Melville and Thomas Melville, Whose Heaven, Whose Earth (New York: Knopf, 1971); César Macias, Mi camino: La guerrilla (Mexico City: Editorial Planeta Mexicana, 1998), 160; Philip Berryman, Christians in Guatemala ’s Struggle (London: Catholic Institute for International Relations, 1984); Susan Fitzpatrick-Behrens, “From Symbols of the Sacred to Symbols of Subversion to Simply Obscure: Maryknoll Women Religious in Guatemala, 1953–1967,” Americas 61, no. 2 (October 2004): 189–216. 4. Philip Berryman, Liberation Theology:The Essential Facts about the Revolutionary Movement in Latin America and Beyond (New York: Pantheon Books, 1987); Edward L. Cleary, ed., Born of the Poor: The Latin American Church since Medellín (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1990). 5. Gustavo Gutiérrez, Teología de la liberación (Lima: Editorial Universitaria, 1971); Gustavo Gutiérrez, A Theology of Liberation: History, Politics, and Salvation (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1973). Gustavo Gutiérrez’s ATheology of Liberation had sold some 70,000 copies by 1985, becoming Orbis’s best-seller. Adam Liptak, “The Greening of Orbis Books,” New York Times, January 6, 1985, Sunday Late City Final Edition, sec. 11WC, p. 1, col. 1, Westchester Weekly Desk. 6. Nelson A. Rockefeller, The Rockefeller Report on the Americas: The Official Report of a United States Presidential Mission for the Western Hemisphere (Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1969); Committee of Santa Fe, A New Inter-American Policy for the Eighties (Washington, DC: Council for Inter-American Security, 1980). The result of this perception in many Central and South American countries was a devastating repression of Catholic clergy and laity. Frank Maurovich, “Option for Poor Angers the State,” Maryknoll (April 1981): 22–27. Maurovich reported that since 1976 “some 1000 bishops, priests and nuns have been arrested, tortured, exiled or murdered in Central and South America” (22). Berryman, Christians in Guatemala’s Struggle, Liberation Theology, and The Religious Roots of Rebellion; Theresa Whitfield, Paying the Price: Ignacio Ellacuría and the Murdered Jesuits of Notes to Pages...
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