Against All England: Regional Identity and Cheshire Writing, 1195-1656

Notes

223 no t e s Introduction 1. there are of course other forms of regional continuity besides the geopolitical variety that concerns me here. For a cross-period approach emphasizing religious continuities, see theresa Coletti, “the Chester Cycle in sixteenth-Century Religious Culture.” 2. All citations from Lucian’s De laude Cestrie are taken from M. V. taylor’s RsLC edition of the Liber Luciani de laude Cestrie. taylor only edited portions of the complete text: additional citations will be taken from Oxford’s bodleian Library Ms bodley 672. All translations of Lucian are my own. 3. For a discussion of twelfth-century Cheshire as a “Welsh-English interspace ” populated by biformis or “two-form” bodies, see Jeffrey Jerome Cohen, Hybridity, Identity and Monstrosity, pp. 103–4. For similar readings of fourteenthcentury Cheshire, see Rhonda Knight, “All Dressed Up with someplace to go,” pp. 271–72, and Patricia Clare Ingham, Sovereign Fantasies, pp. 119–20. None of these three critics refers to Lucian’s text in support of their arguments. 4. Itinerarium Kambriae, p. 139. the translation is taken from Lewis thorpe’s Penguin Classics edition of gerald’s Journey through Wales and the Description of Wales. All subsequent translations from the Itinerarium are also by thorpe. 5. James W. Alexander, “New Evidence on the Palatinate of Chester,” p. 727. 6. VCH: Ches., vol. 2, p. 5. 7. Charles Windsor, the current Prince of Wales, became the latest royal Earl of Chester in 1958. 8. VCH: Ches., vol. 2, pp. 34–35. For a detailed account of the palatinate’s tudor-era travails, see tim thornton, Chester and the Tudor State. 9. For more on the final abolition of Cheshire’s palatine institutions, see VCH: Ches., vol. 2, pp. 59–60. 10. Ibid., vol. 2, p. 19. 11. geoffrey barraclough, The Earldom and County Palatine of Chester, p. 22. 12. Lucian’s Forest of Lyme corresponds to the wooded uplands of the Cheshire Pennines and the staffordshire uplands. Its status as the traditional 224 Notes to Pages 5–9 eastern boundary of the county can also be seen in the guarantees of the Magna Carta of Earl Ranulf III (dated 1215 or 1216) that no man from Cestreshyria can be compelled to do military service extra Lymam, “beyond the Lyme”; for the complete clause of the charter, see James tait, The Chartulary or Register of the Abbey of St. Werburgh Chester, pt. 1, p. 105. 13. David Crouch notes that Lucian’s combination of the honorific princeps and the symbolic gladium identifies the earl as “the ruler of a distinct people” who holds “the royal power to discipline and coerce” (“the Administration of the Norman Earldom,” pp. 71 and 72). 14. For the details of Ranulf III’s life, see James W. Alexander, Ranulf of Chester. 15. VCH: Ches., vol. 2, p. 3. 16. Crouch, “the Administration of the Norman Earldom,” pp. 82–83. 17. All citations from the Annales Cestrienses are taken from Richard Copley Christie’s 1887 RsLC edition of the text. 18. Richard Eales, “Ranulf (III).” 19. thornton, Cheshire and the Tudor State, p. 43. 20. All citations from bradshaw’s Life of Saint Werburge are taken from Carl Horstmann’s 1887 EEts edition of the text. 21. thornton, Cheshire and the Tudor State, p. 44. 22. Ibid., p. 44. 23. Michelle R. Warren, History on the Edge, p. 17. 24. thornton, Cheshire and the Tudor State, fn. 15, p. 44. the sword’s subsequent fate is unknown: when george Ormerod went looking for it in the british Museum in the 1830s, he could find only an outline drawing of the weapon by Randle Catherall in british Library Ms Harley 1988 (“Observations on Ancient swords,” p. 2). Moreover, Ormerod identifies the heraldic devices engraved on the sword’s hilt as the arms of Edward, son of Edward IV and Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester from 1471 to 1483, not the arms of Earl Hugh (ibid., p. 3). the blade’s fifteenth-century provenance emphasizes the mythological portion of the palatine myth, but it also demonstrates the legend’s continued potency well into the seventeenth century. 25. All citations from Vale-Royall are taken from the 1972 Collegium graphicum facsimile edition of Daniel King’s text. since King paginates each chorography separately from the others, I have made sure to indicate the author of each quotation from the book. 26. this engraving appears to be based on an illumination found in a ca. 1603 pedigree of...