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Contents Preface ix Acknowledgments xiii Introduction: Understanding “Native Alien” Subcolonialism and Its Legacies 1 1 The Hausa-Caliphate Imaginary and Ideological Foundations of Proxy Colonialism 22 2 Zazzau and Southern Kaduna in Precolonial and Colonial Times 45 3 Emirate Maneuvers and “Pagan” Resistance in the Plateau-Nasarawa Basin 77 4 Hausa Colonial Agency in the Benue Valley 106 5 Fulani Expansion and Subcolonial Rule in Early Colonial Adamawa Province 129 6 Non-Muslim Revolt against Fulani Rule in Adamawa 157 7 Middle Belt Self-Determination and Caliphate Political Resurgence in the Transition to National Independence 179 Conclusion: Subcolonialism, Ethnicity, and Memory 207 Chronology 223 Glossary 225 Notes 227 Bibliography 253 Index 263 This page intentionally left blank ...

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