Colonialism by Proxy: Hausa Imperial Agents and Middle Belt Consciousness in Nigeria

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COLONIALISM by PROXY This page intentionally left blank COLONIALISM by PROXY Hausa Imperial Agents and Middle Belt Consciousness in Nigeria Moses E. Ochonu Indiana University Press Bloomington and Indianapolis This book is a publication of Indiana University Press Office of Scholarly Publishing Herman B Wells Library 350 1320 East 10th Street Bloomington, Indiana 47405 USA iupress.indiana.edu Telephone 800-842-6796 Fax 812-855-7931© 2014 by Moses Ochonu All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. The Association of American University Presses’ Resolution on Permissions constitutes the only exception to this prohibition. ∞ The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48–1992. Manufactured in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ochonu, Moses E., author. Colonialism by proxy : Hausa imperial agents and Middle Belt consciousness in Nigeria / Moses E. Ochonu. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-253-01160-2 (cloth : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-0-253-01161-9 (pbk. : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-0-253-01165-7 (e-book) 1. Middle Belt (Nigeria)—Colonial influence. 2. Middle Belt (Nigeria)—Ethnic relations. 3. Middle Belt (Nigeria)— Politics and government. 4. Great Britain—Colonies—Africa—Administration . 5. Muslims—Political activity—Nigeria—Middle Belt. 6. Hausa (African people)—Politics and government. 7. Fula (African people)—Politics and government . I. Title. DT515.9.M49O25 2014 966.903—dc23 2013032679 1 2 3 4 5 19 18 17 16 15 14 for my Mother This page intentionally left blank ...