Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania

Index

Index accidents, 84–85 administration, 55–56 adversity, 117, 118, 119, 122 agriculture around stations, 100, 135 density of, 135–36 development of, 22 and economy, 103, 140 effect of railroad on, 95, 146, 152 Kilombero Sugar Company, 20, 76, 96, 120, 128, 130, 152 Kilombero Valley Teak Company, 128 KOTACO, 124–26, 125, 127, 146 and land availability, 137–39 new crops and farming techniques, 77, 140, 152 and pastoralists, 141 product specialization, 100 small farms, 126–27, 128–32, 133–35 state-supported agriculture, 127–28, 130 subsistence farming, 100, 132, 139 and ujamaa villagization, 77 and wage labor, 127, 129–32, 139 Angola, 2, 18, 22, 104 archival materials, 12 Arusha Declaration, 77 “bamboo railway,” 7 bandas, 59 base camps, 46–47, 60–61 bathing facilities, 59, 86 belonging, 11, 127, 133, 140–46, 149 Bena, 140 Benguela Railway, 18, 23 binational governing authority, 4 Bolstad, Paul, 81, 152 border crossing, 48 bridges, 51, 86 Britain financial support from, 29–30 and German colonialism, 18 and Imperial Link, 17, 19–20, 21, 147 mining interests in Africa, 16 and resettlement schemes, 74, 75–76 and Rhodesia, 23, 29 surveys, 22, 24, 39 British South Africa Company, 21 Canada, 24 canteens, 59 Canton Trade Fair, 31 capital for investment, 117, 119, 120 capitalism, 2, 72 Note: Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations. 194   Index Castle, Barbara, 23 casual laborers, 120, 131, 139 Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 6, 16, 32–33 central rail route, 18, 19 Chalachimu, 79 Chambeshi bridge, 82 Chimala, 1–2, 3, 4, 5, 97 China and Cultural Revolution, 25, 41, 149 development principles of, 6, 29, 30, 33–34, 36, 37–38, 48–49, 53, 148, 153, 155–56 domestic development of, 28–29 early interest of, 24 financing of railway, 3, 6, 24, 25, 29–31 formal inter-governmental agreement, 24–25 ideological approach of, 2, 4, 7, 26, 28, 33, 41, 54, 55, 169n49, 173n80 motives for railway, 17, 33 perceptions of, 2, 4 relationship between African countries and, 3, 6, 26–27 and Soviet Union, 17, 27–28 technical support from, 102 and Treaty of Friendship, 29 Chinese New Year, 64–65 Chinese Railway Workers Team (CRWT), 54, 55 Chita, 77–79, 97, 108 cigarettes, 66 clerical positions, 51 coal, 22 Cold War era, 3, 4, 17, 148 colonialism legacy of, 15 and liberation struggles, 22, 27, 28, 29 and role of railways, 16–17 and symbolism of TAZARA, 2, 21 work experience under, 49, 53 commercialization, 88, 104, 153 commodity credit agreement, 30–31 communications, 114 communities along railway corridor changes experienced by, 38 and construction of railway, 62 education of, 86–87 and food, 64, 66 immigrants, 140–46 long-term residents, 8, 127, 140–46 population trends in, 133, 136–39 and resettlement, 8–9, 71–74 (see also ujamaa villagization) and station closures, 5 construction of railway, 46–70 accommodations, 58–60 approach to, 51–52 casualties, 39, 47, 48 cost of, 30–31 (see also financing of railway) division of labor, 4, 47 hard work theme in, 9, 34, 36, 37, 49–52, 52, 149 labor relations, 52–53, 54–55, 172n60 laying of track, 52 recruitment of workers, 40–45 schedule for, 29, 46, 52, 53, 149 solidarity in, 37–38, 43, 57 surveys, 15, 23, 24, 35–40, 36 and teaching by example, 8, 9, 44, 49, 50 and training schools, 44 wages and benefits, 8, 41, 49, 51, 67 work camps, 58–59 workforce size, 174n1 working conditions, 9, 42–43, 51–52, 59 See also railway workers, African; railway workers, Chinese copper, 3, 15, 21, 23, 94–95, 102 corruption, 108 cost of the railway, 30–31. See also financing of railway Culwick, A. T., 76 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania port, 3, 32, 101 road access to, 23 and route of railway, 18, 31 station, 93–94, 94 Dazhai Production Brigade, 28 Demographic Surveillance System (DSS), 137 demographic trends, 136–39, 137, 144 dependency, 6, 17, 23, 82, 147 development process, 9–11, 26–29 Double Bridge Cuban Friendship Brigade, 28 dynamite blasting, 48 East African Railway Company, 18 East African Railways and Harbors Corporation (EARH), 23, 31 economy and agriculture, 103, 140 along railway corridor, 5, 121 economic motivations for railway, 15–16, 23 effect of railroad on, 33, 82 liberalization of, 3 livelihoods of residents, 5, 9, 111–22, 126 Index   195 maisha, 114, 115, 122 mtaji, 119...