A Lancastrian Mirror for Princes: The Yale Law School New Statutes of England

Notes

161 IntroductIon 1. The manuscript’s shelf mark is MssG +St11 no.1. The New Statutes text has this title to distinguish it from texts presenting laws enacted prior to 1327, which are called the Old Statutes (Statuta antiqua or Vetera statuta). See Pronay and Taylor 1980, 18–19. 2. For the earliest published discussions, see Horwood 1870, 53; Hodgson and Company 1932, lot no. 463 and accompanying plate; Sotheby Auction House 1933, 56–57, lot 427 and accompanying plate; Sotheby Auction House 1938, lot 312 and accompanying plate; and Faye and Bond 1962, no. 20. 3. A preliminary version of parts of this analysis appeared in McGerr 2006. New information in this study allows for a more detailed assessment of the manuscript’s production, intertextual relationships, and significance. 4. Bakhtin’s theories about heteroglossia and the carnivalesque nature of the novel have been translated from Russian into English in several forms: see Bakhtin 1981, 1984, and 1993. 5. Van Gennep’s 1909 landmark work Les rites de passage (translated into English as van Gennep 1960) greatly influenced the theories of Victor Turner (see Turner 1969). 6. Much has been written about the definition, origins, battles, and leaders of the so-called “Wars of the Roses”: see, for example, Wolffe 1981, Carpenter 1997, R. Griffiths 1981, and Lander 2007. See appendix 1 for a chronology of important dates. 7. See, for example, Lawton 1987, Patterson 1993, Pearsall 1994, Strohm 1998, and Nuttall 2007. 8. See Walker 2004. Griffiths begins his study of Henry VI with an introduction subtitled “The Making of a Reputation” (R. Griffiths 1981, 1–8). 9. Richard Firth Green also discusses John Lydgate’s role as an apologist for Henry VI’s monarchy: see Green 1980, 186–90. 10. See Binski 1995 and 1999, Stanton 2001, and Scheifele 1999. 11. Recent reassessments of Margaret ’s role include Maurer 2003 and Laynesmith 2004. 12. For a detailed discussion of this passage, see chapter 3. 13. A presentation manuscript of Fortescue’s De laudibus legum Angliae has not been identified, but the text takes the Notes 162 Notes to pages 8–17 form of a Latin dialogue with the prince: see Chrimes 1942 and Gross 1996. Edward IV’s history book is now London, British Library MS Royal 15 E iv. On the concurrent use of Latin, French, and English in literature in England during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, see Yeager 2000 and Petrina 2004, 72–90. 14. On the concurrent use of French, English, and Latin as languages of legal record in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, see Fisher 1996, 26–35, 43–46; Ormrod 2003; and Giancarlo 2007, 218–21. 15. See Skemer 1999, 113. Manuscript copies of the Nova statuta in English include Cambridge, Cambridge University Library MS Ff. 3. 1; London, British Library MS Additional 81292; London, British Library MS Harley 4999; Nottingham , Nottingham University Library , Willoughby Family Papers MS Mi L 2/2; and Oslo and London, Martin SchØyen Collection MS 1355. For Nova statuta manuscripts in which the language of the statutes begins as French and changes to English, see London, British Library MS Additional 15728 and London, Lincoln’s Inn Library MS Hale 183. 16. See Scott 1980a, 45–59, 66–68; and Scott 1989, 32–34. Don Skemer argues that most of the surviving copies of the Nova statuta manuscripts were made during Henry VI’s reign, but the high point in Nova statuta production was probably the third quarter of the fifteenth century (Skemer 1999, 130). 17. On Henry IV’s writ, see Strohm 1998, 40–45; for the writ’s text, see GivenWilson 2005, 8:109. See also Giancarlo’s reading of Thomas Paunfield’s 1414 petition to Parliament, which allegorizes his opponent (Giancarlo 2007, 222–28), and Nuttall’s reading of the exchange of documents between Commons and Henry IV in January 1401, in which both sides use metaphors to associate financial credit and political loyalty (Nuttall 2007, 98–99). 18. See, for example, the discussions by Berges 1938, Genet 1977, Green 1980, Nederman 1998, Briggs 1999, and Grassnick 2006. 19. See also Harriss 1985; Patterson 1993; Pearsall 1994; Watts 1996, 16–39; Fletcher 2004; and Grassnick 2006. 20. See Nuttall 2007, 27. 1. the Yale New StatuteS ManuscrIpt and MedIeval englIsh statute Books 1. A full presentation of the physical details of the manuscript appears in appendix 2. 2. See Scott 1980a, 45–49, 66–68; 1980b; 1989, 32–34; and 1996, 2:300, 346...