Free Black Communities and the Underground Railroad: The Geography of Resistance

Index

Index Page numbers in italics indicate illustrations or maps. abolitionists. See Black abolitionists; White abolitionists ACS (American Colonization Society), 62, 106–8 “Address to the Slaves” (Garnet), 150 advertisements, fugitive slave, 4, 121–22 Africa, 104, 106–10 Africa Hill, OH, 98, 132 agency of Black resistance, 10, 12, 41–42. See also Black settlements agrarian settlements, 110–12 Allegheny Mountains, 91 Allegheny Portage Railroad, 89 Allegheny River, 94 Allen, Richard: about, 11, 164; influence of, 137; kidnapping attempts, 121; national Black conventions, 108; origins of AME church, 133–34; and Prince Hall Masons, 152; purchase of self and brother, 115; and spread of AME Church, 142; and the Underground Railroad, 139 Allen, Sarah (wife of Richard), 134 Allen Chapel AME, Terre Haute, IN, 64 Allen Temple AME, Cincinnati, OH, 135–36, 138 Alton, IL, 21–23, 30–31, 34–37, 92, 150, 156. See also Rocky Fork, IL AMA (American Missionary Association), 46, 50, 145–48 AME churches: and the American Missionary Association, 50; as center of Black life, 133; origins of, 133–35; radical tradition of, 151; and the Underground Railroad, 13–14, 30, 64–65, 134–40, 146. See also Quinn, William Paul; specific churches or towns American Colonization Society (ACS), 62, 106–7 American Home Missionary Society, 145 American Missionary Association (AMA), 46, 50, 145–48 American Mysteries (Black organization), 151 American Revolution, 104–5 America’s First Black Town (Cha-Jua), 12 AME Zion Church, 14, 133, 138 Amherstburg, Canada, 123 Anderson, Duke William, 164 Anderson, John, 37 Anderson, Osborne P., 68 Anderson Fugitive Slave case, 37 Anderton, Canada, 123 Antietam Furnace (MD), 95 anti-literacy laws, 48, 173n21 Antioch Baptist Church (Antioch, IL), 30 Appeal (Walker), 48, 137, 151 archaeology and the Underground Railroad, 14–15, 42–44, 47, 56–57, 101, 137, 160–61 Archaeology of Antislavery Resistance (Weik), 15 220 index Arkansas, 108 arson. See burning and bombing of Black Churches Arthursville (Hill District), Pittsburgh, PA, 130 Asbury Methodist Episcopal Church (Wilmington , DE), 13 Badger, George, 115 Baker, Peter, 22, 23 Baltimore, John Tobias (husband of Priscilla ), 113 Baltimore, MD, 94 Baltimore, “Mother” Priscilla (wife of Tobias), 30–31, 113, 127 Baltimore Iron Company (MD), 95 Banneker, Benjamin, 3 Barton, Christopher, 101, 142 Baylis, William, 161 Beecher, Henry Ward, 149, 184n11 Beech settlement, IN, 100 Bell, Ann, 23 Bell, G., 22 Bell, Lucinda, 24 Beman, Amos Gerry (son of Jehiel), 148–49, 164 Beman, Jehiel (father of Amos), 164 Berks County, PA, 96 Berlin, Ira, 180n7 Berlin Crossroads, OH, 79–82 Bethel AME, Indianapolis, IN, 65 Bethel AME, Pittsburgh, PA, 134–35 Bethel AME (Quinn Chapel AME), Chillicothe , OH, 80 Bethel AME, Sacramento, CA, 64 Bias, James J. G., 187n8 Bibb, Henry, 6, 47, 122, 149, 168n12 Bibles and Bible salesmen, 43, 47–52 Biden, Joseph, 13 Bigelow, Joseph, 129 Big Piasa Creek, IL, 23 Birchtown, Canada, 122 Birdsboro, PA, 96 Birney, James G., 132, 184n11 Black, Madison, 75, 77 Black abolitionists, 11–13, 50, 77, 108, 110, 155, 159, 162. See also AME Churches; Black Church; Black conventions ; Black settlements; family; specific abolitionists Black Baptist Church, 71, 73, 77–79, 82, 138, 146 Black Church: burning and bombing of, 40–41, 135; as center of Black life, 133; clergy, 1, 14, 136, 173n12, 164–65; and education, 135, 137–38, 147, 173n21; and freemasonry, 152–53; and the Fugitive Slave Act (1850), 139; and geography of resistance, 161; histories of, 158–59; and interracial cooperation, 145–46; mapping of, 140–44, 160–61; physical structure of, 184n27; and the Underground Railroad, 12–13, 134–40. See also specific denominations and clergymen Black Churches of Brooklyn, The (Taylor), 14 Black Codes, 57, 71, 116–18, 158, 182n58. See also bonds; laws Black conventions, state and national, 64, 99, 108–9, 111–12, 145–51; convention movement and meetings, 80, 123, 160, 162 Black families. See family Black Fork, OH, 77–78 Black Nationalists, 108 Black pioneers, 34 Black settlements: agrarian settlements, 110–12; community networks, 158, 162; and freedom, 159; and geography of resistance, 15, 140, 160–61; inferior or undesirable land, 99–101; maps and mapping, xviii, 160–61; maroon settlements , 103–4, 157. See also specific cities and towns blacksmiths, 95–97 Blockson, Charles, 10 Blue Ridge Mountains, 91 boats, skiffs, ferries, 36, 65, 74–75, 77, 89, 93–95 Boiling Springs, PA, 97 Bolster, Jeffrey, 93 bonds, 43–45, 61, 116–18, 182n58. See also Black Codes; laws Boston, MA, 94, 138 Boyd, Henry, 116 Brandenburg, KY, 65 Brazil...