The Moral Property of Women: A History of Birth Control Politics in America

Index

Index ABCL. See American Birth Control League abortifacient, 16–18, 26–27, 34, 35, 150 abortion, 13, 24–30, 113, 120, 295–320, 339; abortionists, 186, 318; African American opinions of, 298, 307–8, 317; attitudes toward, 316–17, 359; availability of, 302, 311–12, 315, 318–19, 359; birth control clinics and, 262; class differences and, 315, 317; clinics for, 308–9, 325; conservative response, 297, 302–15; contraception and, 30–31, 113, 311, 335, 339; criminalization , 26, 316, 357, 360; D&C abortion, 273, 299; demand for, 262; demedicalization of, 300–301; early twentieth century, 107, 150; economics and, 305; education about, 113; in eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, 7, 13, 24–30, 65; emergency contraception defined as, 336; eugenic reasons for, 307, 319; family and, 307; gag rule, 331; guilt and, 300, 315–16; ideology and, 300; illegal, 16, 25; infanticide instead of, 15, 23–24; international policy and, 329–31; Latino/as and, 317; legality of, 1, 65, 297–300, 311, 330–31; minors and, 310–11, 318, 347, 349; morality of, 301; obstacles to, 302, 311, 318; “partial birth” abortion, 311–13; politicization of, 300–301; politics of, 297; preindustrial society and, 13, 15–17; rates of, 315, 352; redefined, 300, 303, 316, 319; religiosity and, 7–9, 25, 26, 305, 317; reproductive rights and, 296–97, 318–20, 326; RU-486 use defined as, 313, 336; safety of, 16–17, 25–26, 330, 336, 357; second-trimester, 302; sexuality and, 304; social purity campaign and, 12; therapeutic, 273, 299–301; third-trimester, 311–13, 316. See also Jane; pro-choice movement; Right to Life movement Abrams, Frank, 283 abstinence, 59–60, 105, 118, 347. See also continence Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, 319 ACLU. See American Civil Liberties Union ACOG. See American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Addams, Jane, 176 Adolescent Family Life Act, 350, 352 adoption, 347 adultery, 277–78 advertising, 128, 276 AFDC. See Aid to Families with Dependent Children African Americans. See blacks agricultural society, 8–9, 13–15 A. H. Robins, 324, 334 AIDS. See HIV/AIDS Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), 289–90 Alan Guttmacher Institute, 328 alcohol, 77–78 Allison, Van Kleeck, 184, 198 AMA. See American Medical Association American Academy of Pediatrics, 311 American Birth Control League (ABCL), 162, 171, 181–83, 189, 197, 199, 203, 205–10, 213–15, 220–23, 227, 229, 233– 18.INDEX.431-446/Gord 9/25/02, 10:46 AM 431 432 / Index 34, 236, 242–44, 251. See also Sanger, Margaret American Breeders Association, 191 American Child Health Association, 239 American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), 157, 204, 345 American Coalition of Life Activists, 310 American Coalition of Patriotic Societies, 197 American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), 311, 343 American Eugenics Society, 193, 197, 202, 214, 246 American Genetic Association, 191 American Gynecological Society, 114, 181 American Home Products, 339 American Indians. See Native Americans American Journal of Urology, 115 American Medical Association (AMA), 30, 114–15, 182, 311 American Public Health Association, 311 American Rights Coalition, 316 amulets, 20 anarchists, 142, 146, 187 Anderson, Charles, 134 Anthony, Susan B., 93, 112 Anti-Saloon League, 206 armed forces (U.S.), 252–53 L’Arte di non fare i figli (book), 157 Ashland, Pa., 299 Ashley, Jessie, 144, 153, 157 Associated Pharmacologists and Toxicologists , 339 Association for Voluntary Sterilization, 346 Avery, Byllye, 301, 327 Baxter, Edward, 34 BCFA. See Birth Control Federation of America BCLM. See Birth Control League of Massachusetts Beasley, Joseph, 289 Beecher, Catherine, 96 Bennett, D. M., 33, 36 Bensley, Martha, 93 Bergen, Henry, 195 Berger, Victor, 164 Berkman, Alexander, 153 Berlin Anglo-American Society, 116 Better Families, 244 birth control clinics, 181, 187–88, 200, 204, 218; abortion and, 262; casework, 220; as charities, 201; financing of, 201, 220, 222, 287; first, 156; infertility therapy by, 215; mobile, 229; in New York City, 156–57, 183, 189, 220; race and, 200, 217, 236, 251; racism in, 217; Sanger and, 155–57, 178; sex counseling at, 257, 262–65, 270; unmarried women and, 298; use of, 181– 83, 227; users of, 156–57, 218, 223; working class and, 198, 200, 219. See also Clinical Research Bureau Birth Control Federation of America (BCFA), 232, 235–36, 242, 244–50, 252– 53 Birth Control League of Massachusetts (BCLM), 184–87 birth control movement, 116, 138, 295, 361; abortion and, 229, 242; beginning of, 3, 152, 171; civil rights and, 236; conservatism of, 172, 189, 211; during the depression , 211–41...