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Index Page numbers in italics refer to figures or tables. Achagua, 84, 104, 120–21, 219 Adam, Lucien, 70 agriculture, 100, 102, 104, 106, 111, 112, 117–19, 199, 201, 209, 256; among the Mojos, 140– 41 Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y., 81–85, 91, 94–96, 103–4, 176 Akawaio, 42 alliances and confederations, 31, 33–34, 36, 40, 45–46, 48–49, 115, 124, 143, 221, 251–52, 271; among the Bauré, 137; among the Campa, 129–31, 132, 134, 136; among the Mojos, 138–40; multiethnic confederacies, 250–51, 258, 259–60, 260–62, 263, 264–65, 267; among the “sub-Andine Arawak,” 152 aluminum, 278 Alvarez Lobo, Ricardo, 131 Amage (Amuesha), 29, 71, 83, 104 Amahuaca (Pano speakers), 28, 155, 160, 170n Amapá state (Brazil), 172, 175, 176, 177, 178– 80, 181, 186, 193n Amaringo, Venancio, 32 Amáru, 230, 235–36, 237–42, 246, 272, 278, 279 Amáruyawa, 256 Amazonia, ecology of, 101–2, 112 Amuesha, 29, 71, 83, 104 ancestors, 47, 113, 117, 232–33, 241–42, 252, 253–55, 256–58, 267, 276 ancestor worship, 39 anthropophagy. See cannibals and cannibalism Anti-Campa language, 150 Antis, 28, 124, 125, 127, 136, 143n, 144n, 151; and the Inca, 130 Apurinã, 20, 21, 85–91, 147, 153, 160; movement of, 161; social organization, 159–60; and warfare, 162, 164 Apurinã language, 153–54, 157, 159–60 Apuriña-Piro-Iñapari (API) subgroup, 85– 91, 92–93 Arauán languages. See Arawá languages Arawak, 5, 20, 70, 74, 81 “Arawakanness,” 27, 72, 115 Arawakan peoples and Arawak speakers: ancestry of, 18, 45, 46, 48; ceremonial trade, 17, 18; demographic recovery of, 34, 225; descent and, 12, 18, 45, 46, 47, 113; European perceptions of, 14, 15, 27–28; genealogy of, 45, 46, 47; and gender, 21; and hierarchy, 18–20, 21, 100, 102, 110, 111– 12, 113–19, 120–21, 224, 251–52; ideologies of, 18–19, 111–12, 114–15, 119, 121; influence on other American peoples, 3–4; location at contact, 104; location of, 1–2, 5–6, 110; and long-term change, 13; mythic descent of, 224; origins of, 35, 99; population declines of, 1, 6, 34, 250, 271; rank and ranking , 18, 36, 45, 48, 110, 113–14, 224–25; rela14 .INDEX.331-342/H&S 6/4/02, 10:14 AM 331 332 Index tion (postulated) to Andean cultures, 103, 110; sociopolitical formations of, 17, 18– 20, 21, 45, 101, 114, 123–24; study of, 2–3, 14; trade and exchange, 6, 13, 20, 48, 111, 114– 15; trade in prestige goods, 117, 118, 119; trade with Europeans, 15; trade with other American peoples, 12, 15, 30–31. See also under diasporas Arawakization, 17, 35–36, 111, 174 “Arawak unity,” 27 Arawá languages, 74, 81–82, 84, 103 areal (contact) linguistics, 91, 94, 95 Arúa, 120, 176, 180, 181, 192 aruaca, 52–53, 57–59, 67, 71, 73n Aruák, 82 Asháninka, 29, 125, 129–30, 139, 143n, 147, 152; movement of, 158; salt mines, 145n; shamans , 139 Asháninka-Campa, 160 Asháninka-Matsiguenga language, 144n Ashéninka, 29 assimilation and dissimulation, 20, 165–69 Atahuallpa, Juan Santos, 31, 152 Augé, Marc, 173 Aúkwa, 172–73, 174, 175, 181–82, 185, 188, 192 Aúkwayené, 173 avuncular succession, 39, 41 Aymara, 144n Badillo, Sued, 54 Bakairi, 111, 115 ball courts, 38, 120; and games, 111, 115 Baniwa, 220, 224, 228, 270–71, 274; cosmology, 275–76, 278, 283–84, 289, 291, 292, 293n; eschatology, 269, 275, 292; land rights, 274; prophets, 269, 281–83; social organization, 274; territory, 279–80, 291. See also shamans and shamanism; sickness Barasana, 36 Baré, 33–35, 45, 46, 84, 104, 200–201, 203, 218, 220, 228, 248, 262, 270, 272; myth, 256–58; ritual, 263–65; social organization, 251–53 Bartra, Roger, 61 Basso, Ellen B., 27 Bateson, Gregory, 42–43, 44 Baumann, Gerd, 192 Bauré, 104, 120–21; language, 157; social organization , 137–38, 141, 142 bebedero, 128, 137 beheading, 29, 37 behetría, 127 Benjamin, Walter, 184, 186, 191, 194n Biedma, Manuel, 129 Biet, Antoine, 179 bilingualism: among “Island Caribs,” 39–40. See also multilingualism “Black Caribs.” See Garifuna Boas, Franz, 26 body parts: in linguistic reconstruction, 87; use of, 29, 37, 45 Boriqua, 37. See also Taíno Bororo, 148–49 Bourdieu, Pierre, 43–44 Breton, Raymond, 54, 59, 60–62, 63, 64 Brett, William, 69 Brinton, Daniel G., 26, 38, 69–70, 81 British: alliances with, 40–41; in the...

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