Escape to Manila: From Nazi Tyranny to Japanese Terror

Acknowledgments

✦ acknowledgments i wish to thank the people whose experiences are woven into this book. They gave their time for interviews and correspondence and provided documents , photos, and other useful material. In appreciation they are: Peter Ambrunn, Eva (Süsskind) Ashner, Alfred Bass, Francis Belmont, Rebecca (Konigsberg) Berman,Ernest J.Burger (Juliusburger),Werner Dean (Deutschkron ), Hedy (Heiduschka) Durlester, Gunther Eichholz, Werner Eichholz, Alfred H. Emmerich, Hanna (Kaunitz) Entell, Frank L. Eulau, Carole Frenkel ,Lotte (Cassel) Hershfield,Hans H.Hoeflein,Siegfried Holzer,Fritzi (Sax) Kutner, Henry Kutner, Ilse (Eichholz) Laermer, Günther Leopold, Ilse (Feibusch ) Lewy, Edna (Frieder) Lichtig, Edith (Lange, Pick) Lindner, Jacques Lipetz, George Loewenstein, Beate (Süsskind) Mayer, Barbara (Fischer) Moses,Karl Nathan, John (Hans) Odenheimer,Ralph J.Preiss,Claire (Klara) Strausser, Ernest Traugott, Franz Ucko, Brigitta (Welisch) Wachs, and Helmut Winter (Wischnitzer). In addition, several others allowed me to use their personal writings, collections, manuscripts, photos, and family audiotapes. I am grateful to Juergen Goldhagen, Edgar Krohn Jr., Dvorah Kaufman, Robert and Stephen Hermanos, Carmen (Lissner) Lang, Petra Netzorg, David and Michael Schwarz,and Jack Simke.Special thanks go to Sylvia Cysner,who let me copy material from her husband’s scrapbook, a rich source of information. The staffs of research and historical organizations were always helpful,and I would particularly like to thank Dr.Eric Nooter,director of archives,American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, and his assistant archivist, Amy Shuter; Dr. Diane Spielman, Leo Baeck Institute; Aron Taub and Batya Kap- xii acknowledgments lan,YIVO Institute for Jewish Research; Claudine Belmont, Cyma Horowitz, and MichelleAnish,American Jewish Committee; Rev.Fr.FidelVillareal,University of Santo Tomás, Manila; Isabel Lopa, Filipinas Heritage Library, Manila ; Lea M. de la Paz, Archdiocesan Archives, Manila; and the staffs of Jacob Rader Marcus Center for American Jewish Studies,Cincinnati,Ohio; Library of Congress,Washington,D.C.; Lilly Library,University of Indiana,Indianapolis ; National Archives, College Park, Md., and Washington, D.C.; The United States Military History Institute, Carlisle, Pa.; and Yad Vashem, Israel. I thank Mel Hecker, director of publishing, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, for his sage advice on style and for the preparation of a query letter. His guidance is appreciated. Judy McCulloh, assistant director and executive editor of the University of Illinois Press, encouraged me to reduce a vast tome—the original draft of the manuscript—to a publishable size and then shepherded me through the labyrinth of readers and reviewers.One could not work with a more supportive person. Bringing the manuscript to acceptable print copy requires skill and attention to detail. This task fell to Stephen W. Barnett, who smoothed out the many rough spots and filled the gaps.Thank you for a most professional job. Finally, I thank the two most important people in my life. As my confidant ,lending sound advice on many matters,I thank my wife,Ruth,who also did masterful work selecting photos and drawing the maps. My daughter represents a new generation, and she read the manuscript with fresh eyes, providing critical comments and significant suggestions. She was my “first editor.” Thanks, Michelle. Escape to Manila PHILLIPPINE ISLANDS World War II Baguio Lingayen Gulf Manila BATAAN Polillo I. Lamon Bay Legaspi San Bernardino Str. M I N D O R O MASBATE PANAY NEGROS C E B U BOHOL L E Y T E SAM AR Mactan I. Bacolod P A L A W A N Iloilo Leyte Gulf AGUSAN DAVAO COTABATO M I N D A N A O L U Z O N MINDANAO SEA SULU SEA CELEBES SEA SU LU PRO V. SOUTH CHINA SEA PA C IFIC O C EA N PH ILIPPIN E SEA Zamboanga Davao Samal I. Bukidnon N San Fernando Manila Pasay Marikina L. de Bay BATAAN Corregidor I. Manila Bay Lilio Nasugbu Lucena Mt. Banahao San Pablo Sariaya MINDORO ENLARGED MANILA REGION 0 50 100 0 50 100 150 Miles Kilometers ...