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Reviews 231 les genres littéraires et en échappant par là à toute catégorisation ou étiquette. Colette en son temps n’avançait-elle pas dans la révélation de soi à coups de‘mensonges, demiv érités ou secrets considérables’? Mais ce qui est fort intéressant dans l’étude de Rice est qu’à l’heure où l’Algérie fête le cinquantenaire de son indépendance, la critique a réussi à tisser des liens entre sept écrivaines que l’on avait tendance à traiter séparément , tout en respectant leurs différences. Chacune à leur façon, Cixous et Djebar ont ouvert des possibilités et d’autres femmes originaires d’Algérie ont pu accoucher— dans la douleur—de leurs œuvres. Rice démontre qu’elles sont arrivées à l’écriture détournée de soi par nécessité vitale et qu’ensemble elles témoignent aussi de l’impact de l’Histoire sur la vie de leurs congénères. Davidson College (NC) Catherine Slawy-Sutton Schöch, Christof. La description double dans le roman français des Lumières (1760– 1800). Paris: Garnier, 2011. ISBN 978-2-8124-0347-7. Pp. 370. 39 a. Schöch’s comprehensive study investigates the status of what he calls “l’écriture descriptive”(7) in the second half of the eighteenth century, when such writing flourished within the novel genre.As Schöch argues,critics have largely ignored or disparaged descriptive writing. His study intends to rectify this by presenting a typology based on thirty-two novels written between 1760 and 1800, some well known, others less so, representing a range of genres. The study is presented in three parts to consider how differing conceptions of descriptive writing—particularly the opposition between descriptive writing and “discours descriptif” (14)—characterize the novels of this period. The first section of the study covers historical theories of description, from ancient conceptions to seventeenth-century precursors, as well as evidence from the early eighteenth-century. Here Schöch defines two primary strands of eighteenthcentury description based on Buffon’s distinction between peindre and décrire: The first implies ekphrastic writing: “elle s’ancre dans une tradition rhétorique, se définit par son lien à l’évidence du discours et s’oppose avant tout à un discours simple et dépouillé”(24). The second, more recent idea“se définit par des critères structurels [...] et s’oppose notamment à la narration”(24). That ancient ideas of description coexisted with more modern ideas in the second half of the eighteenth century constitutes the “description double”of the period. The second section focuses on the status of descriptive writing in the novel and on ways of incorporating purely descriptive passages within a narrative. The section examines enthusiasm for descriptive writing in the novel stemming from natural history, travel writing, and art criticism and the need to justify or naturalize the presence of such description in various ways, either through metadiscursive remarks (here Schöch considers Sade’s Les cent vingt journées de Sodome) or through narrative motivation (explored in Rétif de la Bretonne’s La découverte australe). The study’s final section focuses on the esthétique picturale of descriptive writing, or the connection between description, visual evidence, and painting. Here Schöch covers eighteenth-century theories of language in Condillac, Rousseau, and others, ultimately showing that painting is a model for descriptive writing. Passages of the type described in the second section represent only one aspect of descriptive writing in this period. An entire esthétique picturale begins to emerge at the narrative level in the novels of this period:“Cet enjeu concerne l’ensemble de l’écriture descriptive , passages descriptifs inclus, mais tout particulièrement la modalité de l’écriture descriptive que j’ai choisi de désigner comme le discours descriptif” (214). As this study demonstrates, we should not consider description or narration as abstract, transhistorical practices, but rather view them within specific historical frameworks. This typology of novels will certainly form a useful basis for comparison with other novels of the period, or with descriptive practices in other periods. Boston University Gillian B. Pierce Singer, Julie. Blindness and Therapy...

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