Citizens against Domination: A Critical Reading of Ian Shapiro

This review endorses Ian Shapiro's theory of nondomination but argues that he errs in attributing domination almost entirely to the state and by advocating (as the main or only strategies for reducing domination) changes in our systems of formal governance. This review argues that the lines between state and society are porous and indistinct, that domination—but also creativity and agency—arise in all sectors of a society, and that citizens should combat domination instead of hoping that the state is reformed.