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The Insertion of the Filioque into the Nicene Creed and a Letter of Isidore of Seville
- Journal of Early Christian Studies
- Johns Hopkins University Press
- Volume 22, Number 2, Summer 2014
- pp. 261-286
- 10.1353/earl.2014.0026
- Article
- Additional Information
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Abstract
The common tradition says the filioque first appeared in the Nicene Creed at the Third Council of Toledo in 589. In contrast, the manuscript evidence indicates it first appeared at the Eighth Council of Toledo in 653. The date of the insertion can be narrowed further based on a letter of Isidore of Seville (d. 636). This letter (ep. 6) has been typically considered spurious, but the evidence supports its authenticity.
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