-
Scale and Scope in American Key-Set Office Machine Dynamics, 1880s-1930s
- IEEE Annals of the History of Computing
- IEEE Computer Society
- Volume 33, Number 3, July-September 2011
- pp. 22-31
- Article
- Additional Information
Industrial production of office machines emerged in the 1880s and grew extensively until the Second World War. Although sales and applications of punched-card machines expanded in the interwar years, the key-set office machine industry lost dynamics and ultimately collapsed. The lack of scale and scope improvements in the development of key-set office machines was the major reason for this sharp contrast.