Plague has caused ravaging outbreaks, including the Justinian plague and the “black death”
in the Middle Ages. The causative agents of these outbreaks have been confirmed using
modern molecular tests. The vector of plague during pandemics remains the subject of
controversy. Nowadays, plague must be suspected in all areas where plague is endemic in
rodents when patients present with adenitis or with pneumonia with a bloody expectorate.
Diagnosis is more difficult in the situation of the reemergence of plague, as in Algeria for …