Gender inequality and cultural differences

SM Okin - Political theory, 1994 - journals.sagepub.com
SM Okin
Political theory, 1994journals.sagepub.com
accept, and yet take account of the many differences there are among persons and social
groups? Feminists have been among the first to point out that large numbers of persons
have typically been excluded from consideration in purportedly universalist theories. And
some feminists have gone on to point out that many feminist theories, while taking account of
sexist bias or omission, have neglected racist, heterosexist, class, religious, and other
biases. Yet, joining our voices with those of others, some of us discern problems with going …
accept, and yet take account of the many differences there are among persons and social groups? Feminists have been among the first to point out that large numbers of persons have typically been excluded from consideration in purportedly universalist theories. And some feminists have gone on to point out that many feminist theories, while taking account of sexist bias or omission, have neglected racist, heterosexist, class, religious, and other biases. Yet, joining our voices with those of others, some of us discern problems with going in the direction of formulating a theory of justice entirely by listening to every concrete individual's or group's point of view and expression of its needs. Is it possible, by taking this route, to come up with any principles at all? Is it a reliable route, given the possibility of “false consciousness"? Doesn't stress-ing differences, especially cultural differences, lead to a slide toward relativ-ism? The problem that is being grappled with is an important one. There can no longer be any doubt that many voices have not been heard when most theories of justice were being shaped. But how can all the different voices express themselves and be heard and still yield a coherent and workable theory of justice? This question is one I shall (eventually) return to in this essay.
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