Is Taiwan Buddhism part of the problem regarding gender equality, part of the solution, or some of both? Is Buddhism more, less, or equally progressive vis-à-vis gender? This paper explores the attitudes toward females as lay members or clerics in contemporary Taiwan Buddhism and the attitudes toward men and women in Taiwan society. It examines, inter alia, attitudes toward family and family relationships, the gender-based division of labour of members and clerics, leadership, and the effects on women in their everyday lives. It will also examine Taiwan Buddhism in the context of Taiwan society in general.