Due to weakening demand since the 2008 global recession, ports have had to reconsider
how to compete differently to attract new business and new investors. Extant literature
mainly focuses on either customer competitiveness or investor competitiveness. This study
develops a new model of port competitiveness that simultaneously considers the effect of
port strategy on customers and investors. This model is referred to as the “balanced theory of
port competitiveness.” An analytical hierarchy process model builds on 10 factors that …