This study examined the extent to which self-perceived work-related skills and barriers to employment are associated with current employment status among a sample of recipients of Temporary Aid to Needy Families (TANF). The degree to which these perceptions differed between chronic drug using and non-using women in the sample was then assessed. The probability of employment was significantly affected by conceptions of self-competencies and barriers faced. Chronic drug use independently further reduced the chances of employment. Policy implications for TANF's mandatory work requirements are discussed in light of these findings.