The character of Telemachos, it is generally agreed by Homeric Unitarians, undergoes a noticeable change, or a development, in the course of the Odyssey. Telemachos, when we first see him in Book 1, is a passive daydreamer, but when he returns from his mission abroad, he is resolute, intelligent, of an independent mind, and courageous enough to take a stand contrary to the wishes of the suitors who far outnumber him. 1 In the modern discussions of his character the emphasis is placed primarily on one side of Telemachos' intelligence: his ability to cope with situations in a sensible way. But little attention has been given to that added dimension of intelligence which is the

1 For discussions of Telemachos' character see WJ Woodhouse, The Composition of the Odyssey (Oxford 1930) 208-214; a fuller treatment in CMH Miller and JWS Carmichael," The Growth of Telemachos," Greece and Rome 2nd Ser., 1 (1954) 58-64, and HW Clark, The Art of the Odyssey (Englewood Cliff's, NJ, 1967) 30-44. See also W. Jaeger, Paideia, 2nd ed., tr. G. Highet (New York 1945) I, 29-34, where there is a good treatment of Telemachos and his education. These works, where they note Telemachos' intelligence, generally mean it as good sense, but they neglect the dolos in Telemachos' character which manifests itself in outright subterfuges or subtle equivocations. For the Analysts the character of Telemachos is hardly a question for serious consideration, since they are led to posit at least two, and often three, poets for the Odyssey. A change in Telemachos they must attribute to the workings of different hands, or it must be denied altogether, as it is by the Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, Die Heimkehr des Odysseus (Berlin 1927) 106. Wilamowitz is right to this extent, that Telemachos exhibits many of the same characteristics in Book 1 as he does in later books, but there is a shift in emphasis. Telemachos is more timid than resolute in Book 1 and vice versa from Book 15 to the end. The" Telemachy" is such an enormous obstacle to the Analysts that this paper is not the vehicle to counter their arguments. For the ablest modern treatment of the problems of the" Telemachy" from the Analytic point of view see DL Page, The Homeric Odyssey (Oxford 1955), especially ch. Ill and Appendix, pp. 163-182.