Historically, women have lived longer than men in almost every country in the world. A
similar pattern of sex differences in longevity is also found in many other species; however, it
is not clear if there are more species in which females live longer or vice versa. For virtually
all the primary causes of death and at virtually all ages, mortality rates are higher for men.
Women do not live longer than men because they age more slowly, but because they are
more robust at every age. Paradoxically, although women have lower mortality rates they …