In this study of 5,072 female and 2,763 male African American students from 207 postsecondary institutions, employing cross-sectional data collected over a 10-year period, self-report data from the College Student Experiences Questionnaire (CSEQ) were used to estimate the impact of attending a historically Black college or university (vs. a predominantly White institution) on social and academic outcomes in college. The findings of this study extend previous research by suggesting that even in the presence of important statistical controls, attendance at a historically Black college or university significantly enhances the academic and social growth of African American students. This finding held for self-reported measures of gains in understanding the arts and humanities, gains in personal and social development, gains in understanding science and technology, and gains in intellectual and writing skills.(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)