This book examines ongoing changes in the nature of academic labor in the period 1970-1995, with an emphasis on the 1980s and 1990s. We argue that the changes currently taking place are as great as the changes in academic labor that occurred during the last quarter of the nineteenth century. As the industrial revolution at the end of the nineteenth century created the wealth that provided the base for postsecondary education and attendant professionalization, so the globalization of the political economy at the end of the twentieth century is destabilizing patterns of university professional work developed over the past hundred years. Globalization is creating new structures, incentives and rewards for some aspects of academic careers and is simultaneously instituting constraints and disincentives for other aspects of careers.