OnXuanzang'sroutefromChangantoNalanda, Kapi 釘 is thelastcountry beforeenteringIndia, therecordofwhichisplacedattheendofthefirstvolume oftheDaTangX 似 ji. InKapiSiXuanzangfirstmentionsnon-Buddhistdeities, theshrinesandsupportersbeingrepresentedbythe ‘deva'shrines (天桐) and heretics (異道) thatincludeasceticssuchasthePasupataswithnakedbodies smearedwithashes, theKapalikas, andtheDigambaras. ThusBrahmanismhad expanded to Kapisl, eastAfghanistan inthe earlyseventh century. The PasupatasandthesupportersofthisSivaitesectmostprobablybasedthemselves inthetownXuanzangcallsXibiduofaluoci, whichshouldbeinterpretedasthe town with a shrine dedicated to Svetavara, probably a corrupt form of Svetasvatara, andidentifiablewithanactualsite, TapaSkandarorBalaHisarnear SaraiKhwaja, MirBachaKot, aboutthirtykilometerstothenorthofKabuland somefiftykilometerssouthofBegram. ThemarbleUma-Mahesvarastatue foundinashrineofthissitehascorrectlybeenassociatedwiththeseventh-eighth centuryBrahmanicalstatuesdiscoveredatothersitesintheKabulValleyandits vicinity (Kuwayama1976).