Decades of legal and political struggle were re-quired to end the apartheid system of mandated segregation in the schools of 17 states and to transform the South from an area of absolute segregation for black students to the most integrated region of the country. We often celebrate this accomplishment as if it were a permanent reversal of a history of segregation and inequality. From the 1950s through the late 1980s, African American students experienced declining segregation, particularly in the southern and border states. The changes begun by the 1954 Supreme Court deci-sion in Broivn v. Board of Education, however, are now coming undone. The statistics analyzed for this article show that segregation is increasing for blacks, particularly in the states that once mandated racial separation. For Latinos, an even more severe level of segregation is intensifying across the nation. The trends reported here are the first since the Supreme Court, in the 1990s, approved a return to segregated neighborhood schools under some conditions. A number of major cities have recently received court approval for such changes and others are in court. The segregation changes reported here are most striking in the southern and border states, but segregation is spreading across the nation, particularly affecting our rapidly growing Latino communities in the West. This report shows that the racial and ethnic segregation of African American and Latino students has produced a deepening isolation from middle-class students and from successful schools. It also highlights a little noticed but extremely important expansion of segregation to the suburbs, particularly in larger metropolitan areas. Expanding segregation is a mark of a polarizing society that lacks effective policies for building multiracial institutions.