Articles and Publications

Articles and Publications by Mary Ellen Chijioke and Claire B. Shetter Two very different analyses of the political implications of early Quakerism were published in 1995. In The Covenant Crucified: Quakers and the Rise of Capitalism (Wallingford, PA: Pendle Hill Publications), Douglas Gwyn argues that the covenantal (mutual promise-keeping) basis of the first generation of Friends was undermined by the contractual (antagonistic, promise-holding) basis of Cromwell's capitalist revolution. He then applies his analysis to today's evangelical-universalist split. John H. Ferguson develops an analysis based upon classical political theory for his book, Politics Quaker Style: A History ofThe Quakersfrom 1624 to 1718 (San Bernardino, CA: Borgo Press, 1995) (Stokvis Studies in Historical Chronology and Thought, no. 15). He concludes that, despite protestations to the contrary, the Quaker movement was inextricably "political." In a very different argument concerning the first generation of Quakerism , David Boulton's article "Which Hill of Vision: The Case for Pendle" (Friends' Quarterly 29.8 (1995): 364-371) is a rebuttal to Susan H. Bell's argument in the July issue ofthe same magazine that Fox's "hill ofvision" was not Pendle Hill but Pen-y-ghent. Lyn Cope-Robinson has given us a readable general introduction for new seekers inTheLittle QuakerSociologyBookwith Glossary (Melbourne Beach, FL: Canmore Press, 1995). She devotes not quite halfthe text to a survey ofQuaker history, then uses Space Coast (FL) Monthly Meeting as an example of a newer meeting. Two publications in different formats stem from theological conflict within the Society of Friends. In "The Records of the First 'American' Denomination: The Keithians ofPennsylvania, 1694-1700" (Pennsylvania Magazine ofHistory and Biography 120.1/2 (1996): 89-105), Jon Butler introduces seven documents emanating from the Keithian Baptist congregation that met at the home of Thomas Powell in Chester County, 1 6921700 . The proceedings of the Manchester 1895-1995 Conference, held at Mount Street Meeting House, Manchester, 17-19 November 1995, consist of five audio cassettes (Birmingham: Woodbrooke, 1996). The first cassette has the two historical introductions by David Blamires and Susan Hartshorne. SpeakingasaFriend:EssaysInterpretingOurChristianFaith (Newberg, OR: Barclay Press, 1995) (A Quaker Religious Thought Monograph) presents Dean Freiday's explication to the World Council of Churches of 70Quaker History the historical roots ofQuaker theology and the Biblical roots ofthe Quaker position on the sacraments. A strong review of early Quaker theology is the starting point of Catherine M. Wilcox's monograph, Theology and Women 's Ministry in Seventeenth-CenturyEnglish Quakerism:HandmaidsoftheLord(Lewiston, NY: E. Mellen, 1995). She discusses the Quaker view ofwomen in religion and society through the interpretive key ofeschatological expectation and lived experience. She gives a close analysis ofthe QuakerBiblical exegesis concerning women. Quaker women figure prominently in other recent works in women's studies. In her doctoral dissertation, "A Marginal Independence: Unmarried Women in Colonial Philadelphia" (Johns Hopkins University, 1994), Karin Anne Wulf studies the religious and familial contexts of Quaker spinsterhood in the eighteenth century. Andrea Constantine Hawkes' Masters thesis for the University of Maine, " 'Feeling a Strong Desire to Tread a Broader Road to Fortune': The Antebellum Evolution ofElizabeth Wilson McClintock's Entrepreneurial Consciousness" (1995) examines why liberal Quaker men blocked one nineteenth-century Quaker spinster's attempt to move from retail to the more profitable wholesale trade. Nina de Angeli Walls covers the next generations in her doctoral dissertation, "Art, Industry, and Women's Education: The Philadelphia School ofDesign for Women, 1848-1932"(UniversityofDelaware, 1995). QuakerAnnaWharton Morris was an important turn-of-the-century supporter of this project to prepare women to earn a living in the world of arts and design. Pennsylvania Quakers feature prominently in recent publications in American colonial studies. In a new introduction to the reprint of his seminal book, Quakers and Politics, Pennsylvania, 1681-1726 (Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1993), Gary B. Nash explicitly states that his work was intended to counter Boorstin and the consensus historians and to recognize the positive contribution of Quakers and Pennsylvania to religious tolerance and the acceptance of diversity as normal, not a flaw. William Kashatus draws upon the few snippets available to reconstruct a statement ofPenn's educational philosophy for his article, "The Making of William Penn's 'Holy Experiment' in...