Misperceptions of Freedom of Religion or Belief

Freedom of religion or belief has been recognized as an international human right; however, some recent conceptualizations may blur its status as a human right by undermining the principles of universalism, freedom, and equality. This happens under different auspices, such as: combating defamation of religions, preserving a state imposed interreligious harmony, or promoting ideological versions of state secularism. In addition, some question the interrelatedness of freedom of religion and other human rights. By discussing typical misperceptions, this article aims to rebuild a consensus on the significance of freedom of religion or belief as a universal human right.