Demokratizatsiya: The Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization

Vol. 23 (2015) through current issue

Demokratizatsiya: The Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization is a peer-reviewed, international, and interdisciplinary quarterly journal that covers historical and current transformations in the Soviet Union and its successor states. The journal welcomes submissions by academics, policymakers, and other specialists on the political, social, and economic changes begun in 1985.

Published by: Institute for European, Russian, and Eurasian Studies, The George Washington University

Current Issue: Volume 26, Number 2, Spring 2018

Volume 26, 2018

Volume 25, 2017

Volume 24, 2016

Volume 23, 2015

E-ISSN: 1940-4603
Print ISSN: 1074-6846

Demokratizatsiya: The Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization

Submission Guidelines

Editorial Boards

Volume 26, Number 2, Spring 2018

Managing Editor

Robert W. Orttung

Deputy Editor

Ellen Powell

Executive Committee

Henry E. Hale, The George Washington University

Marlene Laruelle, The George Washington University

Robert W. Orttung, The George Washington University

Editorial Board

Leon Aron, American Enterprise Institute

Helge Blakkisrud, Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI)

Li Bennich-Björkman, Uppsala University

Stephen J. Blank, American Foreign Policy Council

Vladimir Gel'man, EUSP/University of Helsinki

Stefan Hedlund, Uppsala University

Olexiy Haran, Kyiv Mohyla Academy

Eugene Huskey, Stetson University

Pål Kolstø, University of Oslo

Andrew Kuchins, Center for Strategic and International Studies

Taras Kuzio, University of Alberta/Johns Hopkins University

Mart Laar, Isamaaliit

Tomila Lankina, London School of Economics

Gerard Libaridian, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

Maria Lipman, The George Washington University

Kimitaka Matsuzato, University of Tokyo

Michael McFaul, Stanford University

Herman R. Pirchner Jr., American Foreign Policy Council

Peter Rutland, Wesleyan University

Stanislaw Shushkevich, Social-Democratic Hramada

Peter Solomon, University of Toronto

Martin Walker, United Press International

J. Michael Waller, Center for Security Policy

Alexandra Yatsyk, Uppsala University

Distinguished Former Editorial Board Members

Yuri Shchekochikhin, 1992–2003

Galina Starovoitova, 1994–1998

Alexander N. Yakovlev, 1993–2005

Yegor Gaidar, 2005–2009

Founder

Fredo Arias-King

Volume 26, Number 1, Winter 2018

Co-Executive Editor

Ryan Minor

Arman Schwartz

Editorial Board

Alessandra Campana

Lydia Goehr

Bonnie Gordon

Wayne Heisler

David J. Levin

Christopher Morris

Clemens Risi

Heather Wiebe

Managing Editor

Ann Lewis

Reviews Editor

Wayne Heisler

Advisory Board

John Allison

Philip Auslander

Karol Berger

Leon Botstein

Peter Brooks

Tim Carter

Stanley Cavell

John Deathridge

Mladen Dolar

Martha Feldman

Arthur Groos

Steven Huebner

Linda Hutcheon

Michael Hutcheon

Brian Hyer

Richard Klein

Gundula Kreuzer

William Lacey

Susan McClary

Simon Morrison

Roger Parker

John Rockwell

Ellen Rosand

Emanuele Senici

Mary Ann Smart

Stephen Decatur Smith

Michael P. Steinberg

Gary Tomlinson

Sam Weber

Klaus Zehelein

Slavoj Žižek

Past Editors

Irene Sloan & Sherwin Sloan, Founding Editors (1983–89)

Bruce Burroughs (1989–93)

William Ashbrook (1993–97)

E. Thomas Glasow (1997–2004)

David J. Levin (2004-2015)

Volume 25, Number 4, Fall 2017

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

Henry E. Hale, The George Washington University

Marlene Laruelle, The George Washington University

Robert W. Orttung, The George Washington University

EDITORIAL BOARD

Leon Aron, American Enterprise Institute

Andrew Bennett, Georgetown University

Stephen J. Blank, U.S. Army War College

Nicholas Daniloff, Northeastern University

Paula Dobriansky, Harvard University

Gregory Gleason, University of New Mexico

Stephen Hanson, William & Mary

Olexiy Haran, Kyiv Mohyla Academy

Eugene Huskey, Stetson University

Andrei Kortunov, New Eurasia Foundation, Moscow

Andrew Kuchins, Center for Strategic and International Studies

Taras Kuzio, Johns Hopkins University-SAIS

Mart Laar, Isamaaliit

Gerard Libaridian, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

Christopher Marsh, USAF Special Operations School

Michael McFaul, Stanford University

Martha Brill Olcott, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

Herman R. Pirchner Jr., American Foreign Policy Council

Richard Rose, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow

Peter Rutland, Wesleyan University

Louise Shelley, George Mason University

Stanislau Shushkevich, Social-Democratic Hramada

Peter Solomon, University of Toronto

Sally W. Stoecker, American University

Martin Walker, United Press International

J. Michael Waller, Center for Security Policy

DISTINGUISHED FORMER EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS

Yuri Shchekochikhin, 1992–2003

Galina Starovoitova, 1994–1998

Alexander N. Yakovlev, 1993–2005

Yegor Gaidar, 2005–2009

FOUNDER

Fredo Arias-King

Volume 25, Number 3, Summer 2017

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

Henry E. Hale, The George Washington University

Marlene Laruelle, The George Washington University

Robert W. Orttung, The George Washington University

EDITORIAL BOARD

Leon Aron, American Enterprise Institute

Andrew Bennett, Georgetown University

Stephen J. Blank, U.S. Army War College

Nicholas Daniloff, Northeastern University

Paula Dobriansky, Harvard University

Gregory Gleason, University of New Mexico

Stephen Hanson, William & Mary

Olexiy Haran, Kyiv Mohyla Academy

Eugene Huskey, Stetson University

Andrei Kortunov, New Eurasia Foundation, Moscow

Andrew Kuchins, Center for Strategic and International Studies

Taras Kuzio, Johns Hopkins University-SAIS

Mart Laar, Isamaaliit

Gerard Libaridian, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

Christopher Marsh, USAF Special Operations School

Michael McFaul, Stanford University

Martha Brill Olcott, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

Herman R. Pirchner Jr., American Foreign Policy Council

Richard Rose, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow

Peter Rutland, Wesleyan University

Louise Shelley, George Mason University

Stanislau Shushkevich, Social-Democratic Hramada

Peter Solomon, University of Toronto

Sally W. Stoecker, American University

Martin Walker, United Press International

J. Michael Waller, Center for Security Policy

DISTINGUISHED FORMER EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS

Yuri Shchekochikhin, 1992–2003

Galina Starovoitova, 1994–1998

Alexander N. Yakovlev, 1993–2005

Yegor Gaidar, 2005–2009

FOUNDER

Fredo Arias-King

Volume 25, Number 2, Spring 2017

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

Henry E. Hale, The George Washington University

Marlene Laruelle, The George Washington University

Robert W. Orttung, The George Washington University

Cory Welt, The George Washington University

EDITORIAL BOARD

Leon Aron, American Enterprise Institute

Andrew Bennett, Georgetown University

Stephen J. Blank, U.S. Army War College

Nicholas Daniloff, Northeastern University

Paula Dobriansky, Harvard University

Gregory Gleason, University of New Mexico

Stephen Hanson, William & Mary

Olexiy Haran, Kyiv Mohyla Academy

Eugene Huskey, Stetson University

Andrei Kortunov, New Eurasia Foundation, Moscow

Andrew Kuchins, Center for Strategic and International Studies

Taras Kuzio, Johns Hopkins University-SAIS

Mart Laar, Isamaaliit

Gerard Libaridian, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

Christopher Marsh, USAF Special Operations School

Michael McFaul, Stanford University

Martha Brill Olcott, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

Herman R. Pirchner Jr., American Foreign Policy Council

Richard Rose, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow

Peter Rutland, Wesleyan University

Louise Shelley, George Mason University

Stanislau Shushkevich, Social-Democratic Hramada

Peter Solomon, University of Toronto

Sally W. Stoecker, American University

Martin Walker, United Press International

J. Michael Waller, Center for Security Policy

DISTINGUISHED FORMER EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS

Yuri Shchekochikhin, 1992–2003

Galina Starovoitova, 1994–1998

Alexander N. Yakovlev, 1993–2005

Yegor Gaidar, 2005–2009

FOUNDER

Fredo Arias-King

Volume 25, Number 1, Winter 2017

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

Henry E. Hale, The George Washington University

Marlene Laruelle, The George Washington University

Robert W. Orttung, The George Washington University

Cory Welt, The George Washington University

EDITORIAL BOARD

Leon Aron, American Enterprise Institute

Andrew Bennett, Georgetown University

Stephen J. Blank, U.S. Army War College

Nicholas Daniloff, Northeastern University

Paula Dobriansky, Harvard University

Gregory Gleason, University of New Mexico

Stephen Hanson, William & Mary

Olexiy Haran, Kyiv Mohyla Academy

Eugene Huskey, Stetson University

Andrei Kortunov, New Eurasia Foundation, Moscow

Andrew Kuchins, Center for Strategic and International Studies

Taras Kuzio, Johns Hopkins University-SAIS

Mart Laar, Isamaaliit

Gerard Libaridian, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

Christopher Marsh, USAF Special Operations School

Michael McFaul, Stanford University

Martha Brill Olcott, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

Herman R. Pirchner Jr., American Foreign Policy Council

Richard Rose, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow

Peter Rutland, Wesleyan University

Louise Shelley, George Mason University

Stanislau Shushkevich, Social-Democratic Hramada

Peter Solomon, University of Toronto

Sally W. Stoecker, American University

Martin Walker, United Press International

J. Michael Waller, Center for Security Policy

DISTINGUISHED FORMER EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS

Yuri Shchekochikhin, 1992–2003

Galina Starovoitova, 1994–1998

Alexander N. Yakovlev, 1993–2005

Yegor Gaidar, 2005–2009

FOUNDER

Fredo Arias-King

Volume 24, Number 4, Fall 2016

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

Henry E. Hale, The George Washington University

Marlene Laruelle, The George Washington University

Robert W. Orttung, The George Washington University

Cory Welt, The George Washington University

EDITORIAL BOARD

Leon Aron, American Enterprise Institute

Andrew Bennett, Georgetown University

Stephen J. Blank, U.S. Army War College

Nicholas Daniloff, Northeastern University

Paula Dobriansky, Harvard University

Gregory Gleason, University of New Mexico

Stephen Hanson, William & Mary

Olexiy Haran, Kyiv Mohyla Academy

Eugene Huskey, Stetson University

Andrei Kortunov, New Eurasia Foundation, Moscow

Andrew Kuchins, Center for Strategic and International Studies

Taras Kuzio, Johns Hopkins University-SAIS

Mart Laar, Isamaaliit

Gerard Libaridian, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

Christopher Marsh, USAF Special Operations School

Michael McFaul, Stanford University

Martha Brill Olcott, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

Herman R. Pirchner Jr., American Foreign Policy Council

Richard Rose, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow

Peter Rutland, Wesleyan University

Louise Shelley, George Mason University

Stanislau Shushkevich, Social-Democratic Hramada

Peter Solomon, University of Toronto

Sally W. Stoecker, American University

Martin Walker, United Press International

J. Michael Waller, Center for Security Policy

DISTINGUISHED FORMER EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS

Yuri Shchekochikhin, 1992–2003

Galina Starovoitova, 1994–1998

Alexander N. Yakovlev, 1993–2005

Yegor Gaidar, 2005–2009

FOUNDER

Fredo Arias-King

Volume 24, Number 3, Summer 2016

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

Henry E. Hale, The George Washington University

Marlene Laruelle, The George Washington University

Robert W. Orttung, The George Washington University

Cory Welt, The George Washington University

EDITORIAL BOARD

Leon Aron, American Enterprise Institute

Andrew Bennett, Georgetown University

Stephen J. Blank, U.S. Army War College

Nicholas Daniloff, Northeastern University

Paula Dobriansky, Harvard University

Gregory Gleason, University of New Mexico

Stephen Hanson, William & Mary

Olexiy Haran, Kyiv Mohyla Academy

Eugene Huskey, Stetson University

Andrei Kortunov, New Eurasia Foundation, Moscow

Andrew Kuchins, Center for Strategic and International Studies

Taras Kuzio, Johns Hopkins University-SAIS

Mart Laar, Isamaaliit

Gerard Libaridian, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

Christopher Marsh, USAF Special Operations School

Michael McFaul, Stanford University

Martha Brill Olcott, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

Herman R. Pirchner Jr., American Foreign Policy Council

Richard Rose, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow

Peter Rutland, Wesleyan University

Louise Shelley, George Mason University

Stanislau Shushkevich, Social-Democratic Hramada

Peter Solomon, University of Toronto

Sally W. Stoecker, American University

Martin Walker, United Press International

J. Michael Waller, Center for Security Policy

DISTINGUISHED FORMER EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS

Yuri Shchekochikhin, 1992–2003

Galina Starovoitova, 1994–1998

Alexander N. Yakovlev, 1993–2005

Yegor Gaidar, 2005–2009

FOUNDER

Fredo Arias-King

Volume 24, Number 2, Spring 2016

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

Henry E. Hale, The George Washington University

Marlene Laruelle, The George Washington University

Robert W. Orttung, The George Washington University

Cory Welt, The George Washington University

EDITORIAL BOARD

Leon Aron, American Enterprise Institute

Andrew Bennett, Georgetown University

Stephen J. Blank, U.S. Army War College

Nicholas Daniloff, Northeastern University

Paula Dobriansky, Harvard University

Gregory Gleason, University of New Mexico

Stephen Hanson, William & Mary

Olexiy Haran, Kyiv Mohyla Academy

Eugene Huskey, Stetson University

Andrei Kortunov, New Eurasia Foundation, Moscow

Andrew Kuchins, Center for Strategic and International Studies

Taras Kuzio, Johns Hopkins University-SAIS

Mart Laar, Isamaaliit

Gerard Libaridian, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

Christopher Marsh, USAF Special Operations School

Michael McFaul, Stanford University

Martha Brill Olcott, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

Herman R. Pirchner Jr., American Foreign Policy Council

Richard Rose, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow

Peter Rutland, Wesleyan University

Louise Shelley, George Mason University

Stanislau Shushkevich, Social-Democratic Hramada

Peter Solomon, University of Toronto

Sally W. Stoecker, American University

Martin Walker, United Press International

J. Michael Waller, Center for Security Policy

DISTINGUISHED FORMER EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS

Yuri Shchekochikhin, 1992–2003

Galina Starovoitova, 1994–1998

Alexander N. Yakovlev, 1993–2005

Yegor Gaidar, 2005–2009

FOUNDER

Fredo Arias-King

Volume 24, Number 1, Winter 2016

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

Henry E. Hale, The George Washington University

Marlene Laruelle, The George Washington University

Robert W. Orttung, The George Washington University

Cory Welt, The George Washington University

EDITORIAL BOARD

Leon Aron, American Enterprise Institute

Andrew Bennett, Georgetown University

Stephen J. Blank, U.S. Army War College

Nicholas Daniloff, Northeastern University

Paula Dobriansky, Harvard University

Gregory Gleason, University of New Mexico

Steven Halliwell, River Capital Management

Stephen Hanson, William & Mary

Olexiy Haran, Kyiv Mohyla Academy

Eugene Huskey, Stetson University

Andrei Kortunov, New Eurasia Foundation, Moscow

Andrew Kuchins, Center for Strategic and International Studies

Taras Kuzio, Johns Hopkins University-SAIS

Mart Laar, Isamaaliit

Gerard Libaridian, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

Christopher Marsh, USAF Special Operations School

Michael McFaul, Stanford University

Martha Brill Olcott, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

Herman R. Pirchner Jr., American Foreign Policy Council

Richard Rose, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow

Peter Rutland, Wesleyan University

Louise Shelley, George Mason University

Stanislau Shushkevich, Social-Democratic Hramada

Peter Solomon, University of Toronto

Sally W. Stoecker, American University

Martin Walker, United Press International

J. Michael Waller, Center for Security Policy

Nikolai Zlobin, Center on Global Interests

DISTINGUISHED FORMER EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS

Yuri Shchekochikhin, 1992–2003

Galina Starovoitova, 1994–1998

Alexander N. Yakovlev, 1993–2005

Yegor Gaidar, 2005–2009

FOUNDER

Fredo Arias-King

Volume 23, Number 4, Fall 2015

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

Henry E. Hale, The George Washington University

Marlene Laruelle, The George Washington University

Robert W. Orttung, The George Washington University

Cory Welt, The George Washington University

EDITORIAL BOARD

Leon Aron, American Enterprise Institute

Andrew Bennett, Georgetown University

Stephen J. Blank, U.S. Army War College

Nicholas Daniloff, Northeastern University

Paula Dobriansky, Harvard University

Gregory Gleason, University of New Mexico

Steven Halliwell, River Capital Management

Stephen Hanson, William & Mary

Olexiy Haran, Kyiv Mohyla Academy

Eugene Huskey, Stetson University

Andrei Kortunov, New Eurasia Foundation, Moscow

Andrew Kuchins, Center for Strategic and International Studies

Taras Kuzio, Johns Hopkins University-SAIS

Mart Laar, Isamaaliit

Gerard Libaridian, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

Christopher Marsh, USAF Special Operations School

Michael McFaul, Stanford University

Martha Brill Olcott, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

Herman R. Pirchner Jr., American Foreign Policy Council

Richard Rose, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow

Peter Rutland, Wesleyan University

Louise Shelley, George Mason University

Stanislau Shushkevich, Social-Democratic Hramada

Peter Solomon, University of Toronto

Sally W. Stoecker, American University

Martin Walker, United Press International

J. Michael Waller, Center for Security Policy

Nikolai Zlobin, Center on Global Interests

DISTINGUISHED FORMER EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS

Yuri Shchekochikhin, 1992–2003

Galina Starovoitova, 1994–1998

Alexander N. Yakovlev, 1993–2005

Yegor Gaidar, 2005–2009

FOUNDER

Fredo Arias-King

Volume 23, Number 3, Summer 2015

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

Henry E. Hale, The George Washington University

Marlene Laruelle, The George Washington University

Robert W. Orttung, The George Washington University

Cory Welt, The George Washington University

EDITORIAL BOARD

Leon Aron, American Enterprise Institute

Andrew Bennett, Georgetown University

Stephen J. Blank, U.S. Army War College

Nicholas Daniloff, Northeastern University

Paula Dobriansky, Harvard University

Gregory Gleason, University of New Mexico

Steven Halliwell, River Capital Management

Stephen Hanson, William & Mary

Olexiy Haran, Kyiv Mohyla Academy

Eugene Huskey, Stetson University

Andrei Kortunov, New Eurasia Foundation, Moscow

Andrew Kuchins, Center for Strategic and International Studies

Taras Kuzio, Johns Hopkins University-SAIS

Mart Laar, Isamaaliit

Gerard Libaridian, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

Christopher Marsh, USAF Special Operations School

Michael McFaul, Stanford University

Martha Brill Olcott, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

Herman R. Pirchner Jr., American Foreign Policy Council

Richard Rose, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow

Peter Rutland, Wesleyan University

Louise Shelley, George Mason University

Stanislau Shushkevich, Social-Democratic Hramada

Peter Solomon, University of Toronto

Sally W. Stoecker, American University

Martin Walker, United Press International

J. Michael Waller, Center for Security Policy

Nikolai Zlobin, Center on Global Interests

DISTINGUISHED FORMER EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS

Yuri Shchekochikhin, 1992–2003

Galina Starovoitova, 1994–1998

Alexander N. Yakovlev, 1993–2005

Yegor Gaidar, 2005–2009

FOUNDER

Fredo Arias-King

Volume 23, Number 2, Spring 2015

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

Henry E. Hale, The George Washington University

Marlene Laruelle, The George Washington University

Robert W. Orttung, The George Washington University

Cory Welt, The George Washington University

EDITORIAL BOARD

Leon Aron, American Enterprise Institute

Andrew Bennett, Georgetown University

Stephen J. Blank, U.S. Army War College

Nicholas Daniloff, Northeastern University

Paula Dobriansky, Harvard University

Gregory Gleason, University of New Mexico

Steven Halliwell, River Capital Management

Stephen Hanson, William & Mary

Olexiy Haran, Kyiv Mohyla Academy

Eugene Huskey, Stetson University

Andrei Kortunov, New Eurasia Foundation, Moscow

Andrew Kuchins, Center for Strategic and International Studies

Taras Kuzio, Johns Hopkins University-SAIS

Mart Laar, Isamaaliit

Gerard Libaridian, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

Christopher Marsh, USAF Special Operations School

Michael McFaul, Stanford University

Martha Brill Olcott, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

Herman R. Pirchner Jr., American Foreign Policy Council

Richard Rose, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow

Peter Rutland, Wesleyan University

Louise Shelley, George Mason University

Stanislau Shushkevich, Social-Democratic Hramada

Peter Solomon, University of Toronto

Sally W. Stoecker, American University

Martin Walker, United Press International

J. Michael Waller, Center for Security Policy

Nikolai Zlobin, Center on Global Interests

DISTINGUISHED FORMER EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS

Yuri Shchekochikhin 1992–2003

Galina Starovoitova 1994–1998

Alexander N. Yakovlev 1993–2005

Yegor Gaidar 2005–2009

FOUNDER

Fredo Arias-King

Volume 23, Number 1, Winter 2015

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

Henry E. Hale, Marlene Laruelle, Robert W. Orttung, Cory Welt
The George Washington University

EDITORIAL BOARD

Leon Aron, American Enterprise Institute

Andrew Bennett, Georgetown University

Stephen J. Blank, U.S. Army War College

Nicholas Daniloff, Northeastern University

Paula Dobriansky, Harvard University

Gregory Gleason, University of New Mexico

Steven Halliwell, River Capital Management

Stephen Hanson, William & Mary

Olexiy Haran, Kyiv Mohyla Academy

Eugene Huskey, Stetson University

Andrei Kortunov, New Eurasia Foundation, Moscow

Andrew Kuchins, Center for Strategic and International Studies

Taras Kuzio, Johns Hopkins University-SAIS

Mart Laar, Isamaaliit

Gerard Libaridian, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

Christopher Marsh, USAF Special Operations School

Michael McFaul, Stanford University

Martha Brill Olcott, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

Herman R. Pirchner Jr., American Foreign Policy Council

Richard Rose, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow

Peter Rutland, Wesleyan University

Louise Shelley, George Mason University

Stanislau Shushkevich, Social-Democratic Hramada

Peter Solomon, University of Toronto

Sally W. Stoecker, American University

Martin Walker, United Press International

J. Michael Waller, Center for Security Policy

Nikolai Zlobin, Center on Global Interests

DISTINGUISHED FORMER EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS

Yuri Shchekochikhin 1992–2003

Galina Starovoitova 1994–1998

Alexander N. Yakovlev 1993–2005

Yegor Gaidar 2005–2009

FOUNDER

Fredo Arias-King