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Front Cover: Since Volume 35, Number 1, the front cover of Parergon has featured medieval or early modern objects held in New Zealand and Australian collections.

Three Soldiers and a Boy, Giambattista Tiepolo (early 1740s), published 1785, etching, 14.2 × 17.6 cm (plate), 23.4 × 30.8 cm (sheet), from the Vari Capricci series, 3rd edn, published 1785 by Giandomenico Tiepolo. National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne, purchased with funds donated by the National Gallery Women’s Association, 1996. Accession number 1996.569.3.This digital record has been made available on NGV Collection Online through the generous support of the Joe White Bequest.

Giovanni Battista Tiepolo of Venice (1696–1770), also known as Giambattista (or Gianbattista) Tiepolo, was a prolific Italian painter and printmaker, who worked in Germany and Spain as well as Italy. This etching is one of ten Capricci (caprices) in horizontal format produced in the 1740s as a prelude to twenty-three Scherzi di Fantasia (tricks of fantasy) completed around 1758 and posthumously published by his son. Here a youth relaxes on his abdomen in a posture of observation close to the trio of soldiers who enthral him. They rest on high ground, sparsely littered with trees, antiquities, and an unread scroll, where the cast of the Capricci series always meet. The pyramid of soldiers is fixed by a standing figure holding a banner whose peak, beside another pole, is echoed by two cypress trees receding in diminishing perspective towards a ramshackle town and mountains below a billowing cumulus sky. The standing figure is certainly a soldier, because he wears fitted armour, but there is a quality of make-believe about the cloths wrapped around his head and the makeshift banner, especially since his face looks younger than the recumbent onlooker, who sports what might be the hint of a moustache and sideburn as if he were almost ready to join the patriotic cause of the soldiers resting in an interlude of some timeless, dynastic war—a classical inversion of the Flight into Egypt. Despite the apparent bald patch on the crown of the onlooker’s head—probably awkward line work intended to convey sunlight reflected from his hair, like other empty highlights on his body—there is no doubt he is a youth, because he already appeared naked in the same posture in the foreground of Apollo and the Continents on the ceiling of the Palazzo Clerici at Milan (1739), and because his lively undulating body contrasts sharply with the brawny musculature of the nearest soldier, whose back curves against us in apparent exhaustion or despondency as he sits gazing with another adult companion at a shield. No one knows the meaning of Tiepolo’s etchings, the only body of privately produced work in his oeuvre. They are like episodes in a plotless novel whose spontaneous sophistication Pierre-Jean Mariette, a contemporary connoisseur, applauded as ‘dreams that passed through his head’. Here, however, we might surmise that the discrepancy between the naïve enthusiasm of the onlooker and the enigmatic gaze (shifted to the left but still seeming to hail us) of the standing ‘child-soldier’ signifies the difference between those who know (whether real or otherwise, and of whatever age) and those who are ignorant of what they wish for. Heralding victory over time, the artist’s signature appears on the cracked surface of an obelisk on the left, from which spinous vegetation sprouts to affirm a series of horizontals that counteract plunging depth and diagonal gazing.

Parergon

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Anne M. Scott (1940–2021)

Andrew Lynch

pp. xiii-xv

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0067

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Children and War in Early Modern Europe: An Introduction

Katie Barclay, Dianne Hall, Dolly MacKinnon

pp. 1-12

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0068

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Cultural Immersion: Diplomacy, Learning, and Mobility in the Childhood of Federico II Gonzaga during the War of the League of Cambrai (1508–16)

Jessica O'Leary

pp. 13-42

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0069

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Children and their Mothers in Early Modern Ballads about War

Una McIlvenna

pp. 43-70

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0070

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Children's Experiences of Violence during the Irish Rebellion of 1641

Naomi McAreavey

pp. 71-103

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0071

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'Joy among the Irish children that […] there will be war': Irish Children and Seventeenth-Century Wars

Dianne Hall

pp. 105-129

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0072

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'A child drew the lots': Children and Youth Experiencing the English Civil War

Dolly MacKinnon

pp. 131-155

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0073

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Taking Bonnie Prince Charlie to Heart: Children, Emotion, and Rebellion

Katie Barclay

pp. 157-185

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0074

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Minorities in Contact in the Medieval Mediterranean ed. by Clara Almagro Vidal et al. (review)

Beth C. Spacey

pp. 187-188

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0075

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Early British Drama in Manuscript ed. by Tamara Atkin and Laura Estill (review)

Cheryl Taylor

pp. 189-190

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0076

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Magnificence and Princely Splendour in the Middle Ages by Richard Barber (review)

Randall Albury

pp. 190-192

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0077

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The Feeling Heart in Medieval and Early Modern Europe: Meaning, Embodiment, and Making ed. by Katie Barclay and Bronwyn Reddan (review)

Jennifer E. Nicholson

pp. 192-193

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0078

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The Arthur of the Low Countries: The Arthurian Legend in Dutch and Flemish Literature by Bart Besamusca and Frank Brandsma (review)

Roderick McDonald

pp. 194-195

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0079

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Settlements and Strongholds in Early Medieval England: Texts, Landscapes, and Material Culture by Michael D. J. Bintley (review)

Sybil Jack

pp. 195-197

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0080

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Playful Letters: A Study in Early Modern Alphabetics by Erika Mary Boeckeler (review)

Adam Hembree

pp. 197-198

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0081

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Reading and Writing in Medieval England. Essays in Honor of Mary C. Erler ed. by Martin Chase and Maryanne Kowaleski (review)

Mary-Rose McLaren

pp. 198-200

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0082

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Sofonisba's Lesson: A Renaissance Artist and her Work by Michael W. Cole (review)

Adelina Modesti

pp. 200-202

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0083

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Episcopal Power and Personality in Medieval Europe, 900–1480 ed. by Peter Coss et al. (review)

Thomas A. Fudge

pp. 202-203

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0084

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Historiography and the Shaping of Regional Identity in Europe: Regions in Clio's Looking Glass ed. by Dick E. H. de Boer and Luĺs Adão da Fonseca (review)

Patrick Ball

pp. 204-205

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0085

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Cities, Saints, and Communities in Early Medieval Europe: Essays in Honour of Alan Thacker ed. by Scott DeGregorio and Paul Kershaw (review)

Stephen J. Joyce

pp. 205-207

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0086

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Blondus Flavius, Roma Instaurata 1 ed. by Fabio Della Schiava (review)

Frances Muecke

pp. 207-209

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0087

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Accounts and Accountability in Late Medieval Europe: Records, Procedures, and Socio-Political Impact ed. by Ionut Epurescu-Pascovici (review)

Sybil Jack

pp. 209-210

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0088

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Myths and Magic in the Medieval Far North: Realities and Representations of a Region on the Edge of Europe ed. by Stefan Figenschow et al. (review)

Roderick McDonald

pp. 211-212

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0089

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Making the Profane Sacred in the Viking Age: Essays in Honour of Stefan Brink ed. by Irene García Losquiño et al. (review)

Erica Steiner

pp. 212-214

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0090

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The City of Blue and White: Chinese Porcelain and the Early Modern World by Anne Gerritsen (review)

Susan Broomhall

pp. 214-215

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0091

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Playfulness in Shakespearean Adaptations ed. by Marina Gerzić and Aidan Norrie (review)

Jennifer E. Nicholson

pp. 216-217

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0092

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The Chronicles of Medieval Wales and the March: New Contexts, Studies, and Texts ed. by Ben Guy et al. (review)

Stephen J. Joyce

pp. 217-219

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0093

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Medieval Women on Film: Essays on Gender, Cinema and History ed. by Kevin J. Harty (review)

Ellie Crookes

pp. 219-221

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0094

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A Companion to Geoffrey of Monmouth ed. by Georgia Henley and Joshua Byron Smith (review)

Rod Thomson

pp. 221-222

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0095

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The Figure of Minerva in Medieval Literature by William F. Hodapp (review)

Stephanie L. Hathaway

pp. 223-224

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0096

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Inwardness, Individualization, and Religious Agency in the Late Medieval Low Countries: Studies in the Devotio Moderna and its Context ed. by Rijcklof Hofman et al. (review)

Eleanor Flynn

pp. 224-226

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0097

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Games and Visual Culture in the Middle Ages and Renaissance ed. by Vanina Kopp and Elizabeth Lapina (review)

Frank Swannack

pp. 226-228

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0098

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Excerptum de Talmud: Study and Edition of a Thirteenth-Century Latin Translation by Isaac Lampurlanés Farré (review)

Constant Mews

pp. 228-229

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0099

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Embodiment, Identity, and Gender in the Early Modern Age by Amy E. Leonard and David M. Whitford (review)

Jessica O'Leary

pp. 229-231

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0100

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Ghosts, Holes, Rips and Scrapes: Shakespeare in 1619, Bibliography in the Longue Durée by Zachary Lesser (review)

Paul Salzman

pp. 231-232

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0101

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Tudor Textiles by Eleri Lynn (review)

Sarah A. Bendall

pp. 233-234

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0102

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Treason and Masculinity in Medieval England: Gender, Law and Political Culture by Amanda E. McVitty (review)

Mary-Rose McLaren

pp. 234-236

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0103

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Queer Philologies: Sex, Language, and Affect in Shakespeare's Time by Jeffrey Masten (review)

Caitlyn McLoughlin

pp. 236-238

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0104

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Solitude and Speechlessness: Renaissance Writing and Reading in Isolation by Andrew Mattison (review)

Anna Welch

pp. 238-239

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0105

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Teaching the History of the English Language ed. by Colette Moore and Chris C. Palmer (review)

Mark Amsler

pp. 239-241

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0106

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The Bonds of Humanity: Cicero's Legacies in European Social and Political Thought, ca. 1100–ca. 1550 by Cary J. Nederman (review)

Nathanael Lambert

pp. 241-243

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0107

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How to Think Like Shakespeare: Lessons from a Renaissance Education by Scott Newstok (review)

Michael Cop

pp. 243-245

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0108

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Burning the Books: A History of Knowledge under Attack by Richard Ovenden (review)

John Kennedy

pp. 245-246

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0109

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The Abbaye du Saint Esprit: Spiritual Instruction for Laywomen, 1250–1500 by Pinder Janice (review)

Thomas A. Fudge

pp. 246-248

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0110

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What Is North? Imagining and Representing the North from Ancient Times to the Present Day ed. by Oisĺn Plumb et al. (review)

John Kennedy

pp. 248-249

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0111

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Historiography and Identity, I: Ancient and Early Christian Narratives of Community ed. by Walter Pohl and Veronika Wieser (review)

Erica Steiner

pp. 250-251

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0112

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Wolsey by Glenn Richardson (review)

Sally Fisher

pp. 251-253

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0113

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Early Modern Women's Complaint: Gender, Form, and Politics ed. by Sarah C. E. Ross and Rosalind Smith (review)

Diana Barnes

pp. 253-255

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0114

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Cities of Strangers: Making Lives in Medieval Europe by Miri Rubin (review)

Sybil Jack

pp. 255-257

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0115

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Women and Economic Power in Premodern Royal Courts ed. by Cathleen Sarti (review)

Frank Swannack

pp. 257-258

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0116

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Indecent Exposure: Gender, Politics, and Obscene Comedy in Middle English Literature by Nicole Nolan Sidhu (review)

Francesca Battista

pp. 259-260

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0117

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The Intolerant Middle Ages: A Reader ed. by Eugene Smelyansky (review)

Lola Sharon Davidson

pp. 260-262

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0118

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Authority and Power in the Medieval Church, c. 1000–c. 1500 ed. by Thomas W. Smith (review)

Beth C. Spacey

pp. 262-263

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0119

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Late Anglo-Saxon Prayer in Practice: Before the Books of Hours by Kate H. Thomas (review)

Stephanie Hollis

pp. 264-265

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0120

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The World of the Crusades by Christopher Tyerman (review)

Flora Guijt

pp. 265-266

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0121

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Een Huyshouding in 'T Kleyn.' Het poppenhuis van Petronella de la Court in het Centraal Museum Utrecht by Margreet van der Hut (review)

Susan Broomhall

pp. 267-268

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0122

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Memories in Multi-Ethnic Societies: Cohesion in Multi-Ethnic Societies in Europe from c. 1000 to the Present, I ed. by Przemysław Wiszewski (review)

Nicholas D. Brodie

pp. 268-270

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0123

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The Mélusine Romance in Medieval Europe: Translation, Circulation, and Material Contexts by Lydia Zeldenrust (review)

Glynnis M. Cropp

pp. 270-271

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0124

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Terrorism before the Letter: Mythography and Political Violence in England, Scotland, and France 1559–1642 by Robert Applebaum (review)

Jane Fitzgerald

p. 273

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0125

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Late Medieval Devotional Compilations in England ed. by Marleen Cré et al. (review)

Alexandra Barratt

p. 274

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0126

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Medievalism, Politics and Mass Media: Appropriating the Middle Ages in the Twenty-First Century by Andrew B. R. Elliott (review)

Helen Young

p. 275

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0127

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Teaching Early Modern English Literature from the Archives ed. by Heidi Brayman Hackel and Ian Frederick Moulton (review)

Michael Cop

p. 276

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0128

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Notes on Contributors

pp. 277-278

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2021.0129

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ISSN	1832-8334
Print ISSN	0313-6221
Launched on MUSE	2021-12-16
Open Access	No

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