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  <title>Foreword</title>
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    This volume of American Literary Scholarship, the 58th in a series that began in 1965, is also its last. I make this announcement with great and painful regret that a publication with such a long history as a basic resource for the study of American literature must come to an end.A combination of factors, personal, professional, and financial, has forced this conclusion. For some time, and quite independently of each other, my coeditor, Gary Scharnhorst, and I had contemplated withdrawing from the work. We certainly did not imagine when we originally agreed to assume responsibility for AmLS from James Woodress, who developed the idea for the series, and J. Albert Robbins that we would devote more than half our 
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  <title>Emerson, Thoreau, Fuller, and Transcendentalism</title>
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    Scholars and teachers of Transcendentalism will find much of value in this year&amp;#39;s publications, including standout monographs about Transcendentalism as a specifically religious movement; a remarkable work of 19th-century Americanist scholarship that features individual chapters on Emerson, Thoreau, and Fuller; and many other books and articles that continue to move Transcendentalist scholarship in exciting directions. This year&amp;#39;s work charts innovative approaches to the religion, philosophy, print culture, and politics of Emerson, Thoreau, Fuller, and their contemporaries and contributes widely to the ongoing relevance of Transcendentalist writing and thought for those within, adjacent to, and outside the 
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    Hawthorne&amp;#39;s short stories take center stage in much of this year&amp;#39;s scholarship, driven in part by a special issue on his short fiction in the Nathaniel Hawthorne Review. The House of the Seven Gables and The Blithedale Romance also inspire notable critical responses, both in articles and in chapters from two monographs on 19th-century literature.Joan Curbet Soler&amp;#39;s &amp;#x22;The Ekphrastic Moment: Art, Image, and Identity in Hawthorne&amp;#39;s Twice-Told Tales (1837, 1842)&amp;#x22; (Nathaniel Hawthorne Review [NHR] 46: 174&amp;#x2013;85) offers a close, productive examination of ekphrasis, &amp;#x22;the verbal depiction and/or interpretation of an artistic image, either real or imagined,&amp;#x22; a rhetorical trope Hawthorne employed throughout his career. 
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    This year&amp;#39;s publications offer an eclectic range of scholarship on Herman Melville, including new work on sexuality and a new biography. The smaller number of articles and books published this year compared to 2019 has to be mentioned too; the current volume of Leviathan: A Journal of Melville Studies, for example, is some hundred pages shorter than its predecessor. Perhaps COVID-19 stymied the publication process. Certainly research agendas were upended and supply-chain disruptions made the printing of books more difficult and more costly. This survey begins with work that may be of special interest to teachers as well as researchers, then moves to essays and book chapters before concluding with the year&amp;#39;s two 
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  <title>Whitman and Dickinson</title>
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    This year&amp;#39;s scholarship on both Whitman and Dickinson features new attention to textual studies, global visions of these writers, and readings that look beyond the genre of poetry. There is increasing emphasis on political science perspectives in Whitman scholarship and new popular culture studies work in Dickinson scholarship. Stephanie M. Blalock contributed the Whitman section and Lucy Biederman the Dickinson section.Every Hour, Every Atom: A Collection of Walt Whitman&amp;#39;s Early Notebooks and Fragments, ed. Zachary Turpin and Matt Miller (Iowa), presents transcriptions of Whitman&amp;#39;s pre-Civil War notebooks and fragments, their contents revealing the poet&amp;#39;s &amp;#x22;construction of his very own genre in all its beautiful 
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  <title>Mark Twain</title>
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    Although this year brings few book-length studies of Mark Twain, a pause in what has been a rich batch of recent offerings from university presses, that lack is more than made up for by the number of journal articles and book chapters, with several making fruitful comparisons between Twain and other writers and others taking innovative approaches to his works. Especially prominent are studies of the later writings, including several of his unpublished texts that do not typically receive much attention. Editorship of the Mark Twain Journal changes hands, with Alan Gribben ending his long tenure and handing the reins to Joe B. Fulton of Baylor University.Through a search of newspaper and periodical databases and 
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  <title>Henry James</title>
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    A prolific year in James studies sees the publication of another meticulously edited volume of letters, a new edition of a major novel, and several considerations of James&amp;#39;s appearances in biofiction, as well as novels and stories inspired by his fiction. Among investigations into James&amp;#39;s aesthetics, a special issue of the Henry James Review attends to sound and silences; and the seventh Henry James International Conference, held in Korea in 2017, has yielded a volume focused on East-West connections in James studies. As in past years, the late novels attract attention, with The Golden Bowl and The Ambassadors the focus of several articles. Race, gender, time, materialism, and spirituality feature among the themes 
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  <title>Wharton and Cather</title>
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    The impressive volume of Edith Wharton and Willa Cather scholarship this year signals that both novelists have achieved full acknowledgment as major literary figures of the American 20th century. Their work offers readers and scholars both scope and complexity enough to continue to raise fresh questions and to generate innovative readings. Continuing a recent trend, historical and archival projects dramatically expand the data and the contexts with which we approach the pair. Other work usefully imports concepts and methods from other disciplines, sociology, philosophy, cultural studies, and psychology among them, and most approaches are anchored in close analysis of Wharton&amp;#39;s and Cather&amp;#39;s texts. What follows are 
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    A highly productive year in William Faulkner scholarship includes an impressive new biography as well as a high-profile work of criticism for the trade market that examines the resonance of the Civil War in his writings. Several significant projects consider Faulkner in the context of the Black Lives Matter movement and the alt-right movement that have defined the poles of contemporary politics, and others apply new, innovative theoretical methods, demonstrating that almost any approach finds opportunity in a canon which continues to prove itself relevant to current events and modes of criticism.Faulkner&amp;#39;s work is fertile material for literary critics, but the man himself is a difficult subject for a biographer. 
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    Relatively little archival and biographical work about F. Scott Fitzgerald has been released this year, even as many of his early works are being churned out in new editions because the copyright protections have begun to expire. The Great Gatsby, as usual, dominates scholarship, with an abundance of articles and chapters as well as one monograph and a graphic-novel edition. In quantity of critical attention Gatsby is trailed at a significant distance by Tender is the Night and the Pat Hobby stories. Themes of race, psychology, and biographical revision and re-visitation are points of emphasis throughout the body of scholarship.The most observable trend in this year&amp;#39;s Ernest Hemingway scholarship is an emphasis on 
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    The field of early American literature is an energetic and ever-expanding space of scholarly inquiry. This year&amp;#39;s scholarship is characterized by continuing efforts to push against the traditional, nationalist boundaries of our discipline, long ago defined as primarily the study of colonial New England, white Puritanism and the texts it produced in English during the colonial period and up through the American Revolution. The field now regularly emphasizes transatlantic, trans-hemispheric, transpacific, and circum-Atlantic conversations, with purposeful inclusion of Caribbean, Canadian, Pacific coast, and Latin and South American texts. The interest in &amp;#x22;Literatures of the Americas&amp;#x22; rather than &amp;#x22;American 
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    What a difference a year makes. Although acts of nature and the virus that never ends combined to make this year&amp;#39;s search for relevant scholarship more challenging than usual, actually obtaining relevant publications proved quite a bit easier. With the old reliable university presses leading the way, publishers have been most generous in providing review copies of book-length studies, and typically in the traditional hard copies rather than the eye-straining virtual editions that require hours enduring the cold glare of a computer monitor. On the down side, although libraries have kept up their subscriptions to the online version of one of the profession&amp;#39;s core research tools, that reference bibliography is 
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    Over the past decade late-19th-century criticism has increasingly focused on literary works as cultural artifacts. When critics now analyze American literature they often begin by lamenting a work as forgotten or neglected, then reveal why this artifact has been neglected and why it is now socially relevant. In emphasizing cultural relevance, formal elements of literature (structure, style, complexity, paradox, ambiguity, and irony) become secondary, as do questions of artistic value. This process of recovering neglected works has opened the canon, and critics are thus able to define, redefine, and question literary movements such as realism and naturalism. Despite this shift canonical authors are not ignored, but 
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    Despite the pandemic, scholars have been expanding our understanding of fiction from the first part of the 20th century. Gertrude Stein&amp;#39;s Jewish identity has become a fruitful new approach for examining both her aesthetics and her writing. There is significant writing on Sinclair Lewis, with a new biography of his early life as well as a special issue of Midwestern Miscellany to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the publication of Main Street. Writers of the Harlem Renaissance are increasingly being read as part of the African diaspora, especially Claude McKay, whose second unpublished novel since his death, Romance in Marseille, has just been printed. The work of W. E. B. Du Bois continues to be a touchstone 
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    Modernist writers are adequately represented this year despite the fact that literary scholarship overall is rapidly diminishing, as editor Gary Scharnhorst appropriately notes in his introduction to the 2019 volume of this publication. To add to the problems in the field identified by Scharnhorst, contributors to this volume must deal with libraries slashing funding due to budget cuts and eliminating databases and journal subscriptions, making it increasingly more difficult to identify and find the most relevant materials for review while eschewing predatory journals. Fortunately, there are still substantial items that will be welcomed by modernist scholars: essay collections on Flannery O&amp;#39;Connor, Eudora Welty
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    There is no god except crisis, and Billy Joel is his prophet. Some version of this sentiment is prevalent in much of the scholarship on late modern and contemporary American fiction. Despite the fatalism of a fire that is always burning, scholars try to fight it by examining a range of concerns that have persisted from the 1960s to the present: poverty, pesticides, environmental suicide, the rise of debt, the Internet, racism, speculative fiction. A number of journals this year have published special issues and articles devoted to the global pandemic, drawing on the work of late-20th-century writers like Octavia Butler, Ursula K. Le Guin, and Philip K. Dick to better understand the crises of the present. The 
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    Contemporary fiction has elicited a great deal of criticism over the past five years, possibly more than in any other field of literary studies. This past year alone saw more than 80 monographs focusing largely if not exclusively on contemporary American fiction, as well as myriad articles, both scholarly and crossover. That number does not include a similar abundance of publications on other kinds of contemporary anglophone, postcolonial, world, or global fiction. In previous eras the rule of thumb was that there was a waiting period before a work or author drew scholarly attention, and only a few merited such attention. Some writers, such as James Joyce or Thomas Pynchon, received attention in their own time, but 
    ... &#x3C;a href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/868599"&#x3E;Read More&#x3C;/a&#x3E;
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  <dc:title>Fiction: The 1980s to the Present</dc:title>
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<item rdf:about="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/868589">
  <title>Poetry: 1900 to the 1950s</title>
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    &#x3C;p&#x3E;&#x3C;/p&#x3E;
    The Library of America has issued African American Poetry: 250 Years of Struggle and Song, ed. Kevin Young. For the period 1900&amp;#x2013;1950 the coverage of this volume includes many lesser-known poets in addition to more famous figures of the Harlem Renaissance. Separate volumes of selected poetry by Countee Cullen (2013) and Gwendolyn Brooks (2005) are already part of the Library of America program, and the works of some of the figures in this volume have also appeared in the two volumes of American Poetry: The Twentieth Century (2000). However, this new volume offers a much wider range of writers and would be useful in courses on African American poetry for the period covered by this chapter. The book is a welcome and 
    ... &#x3C;a href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/868599"&#x3E;Read More&#x3C;/a&#x3E;
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<item rdf:about="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/868590">
  <title>Poetry: The 1950s to the Present</title>
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    Two books by Craig Dworkin aim to demonstrate the interpretive potentials of unusual ways of reading (and writing) for literary criticism. In Radium of the Word: A Poetics of Materiality (Chicago) Dworkin makes a methodological claim for paying close attention to the material aspects of language. Building on his previous critical studies of avantgarde poetry and art, Reading the Illegible (2003) and No Medium (2013), he argues that a careful focus on &amp;#x22;linguistic materiality&amp;#x22; can trace a network of &amp;#x22;nonsymbolic&amp;#x22; connections in texts: &amp;#x22;The physical substance of writing highlights similarities between signifiers, establishes connections that cut across grammatic and rhetorical units, and creates patterns that can be 
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<item rdf:about="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/868591">
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    Scholarship on drama and theater is constantly exploring new directions. Over a decade ago, for example, there was a notable increase in the focus on critical theory. That changed by the mid-2010s to studies heavily laden with historicism, as the scholarly literature considered how plays reflected on and responded to the periods in which they were written. More recently we see a new tendency, one that reveals perspectives that have been emerging for some time. Scholars now are not leading the way but instead following the direction taken by contemporary playwrights themselves, particularly Tarell Alvin McCraney, Sarah Ruhl, and Jeremy O. Harris, whose Slave Play received more Tony nominations than any other play. 
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  <title>International Scholarship: i Central European Contributions, 2019–2020</title>
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    This section surveys scholarship published in Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Serbia, and Slovakia in 2019 and 2020. Dubravka &amp;#xD0;uri&amp;#x107; is responsible for the commentary on Serbian publications, Jaroslav Ku&amp;#x161;n&amp;#xED;r for Czech and Slovakian contributions, Jelena &amp;#x160;esni&amp;#x107; for Croatian materials, and Gra&amp;#x17C;yna Zygad&amp;#x142;o for Polish scholarship. R&amp;#xE9;ka M. Cristian prepared the commentary on Hungarian and Romanian publications and compiled and organized the material.Ana Koci&amp;#x107; Stankovi&amp;#x107;&amp;#39;s &amp;#x22;&amp;#x41F;&amp;#x440;&amp;#x435;&amp;#x434;&amp;#x441;&amp;#x442;&amp;#x430;&amp;#x432;&amp;#x435; &amp;#x43E; &amp;#x436;&amp;#x435;&amp;#x43D;&amp;#x430;&amp;#x43C;&amp;#x430; &amp;#x443; &amp;#x43A;&amp;#x45A;&amp;#x438;&amp;#x436;&amp;#x435;&amp;#x432;&amp;#x43D;&amp;#x43E;&amp;#x441;&amp;#x442;&amp;#x438; &amp;#x438; &amp;#x43A;&amp;#x443;&amp;#x43B;&amp;#x442;&amp;#x443;&amp;#x440;&amp;#x438; &amp;#x421;&amp;#x435;&amp;#x432;&amp;#x435;&amp;#x440;&amp;#x43D;&amp;#x435; &amp;#x410;&amp;#x43C;&amp;#x435;&amp;#x440;&amp;#x438;&amp;#x43A;&amp;#x435;&amp;#x22; (&amp;#x22;Representation of Women in Colonial North American Literature and Culture&amp;#x22;) (&amp;#x41A;&amp;#x45A;&amp;#x438;&amp;#x436;&amp;#x435;&amp;#x432;&amp;#x43D;&amp;#x430; &amp;#x438;&amp;#x441;&amp;#x442;&amp;#x43E;&amp;#x440;&amp;#x438;&amp;#x458;&amp;#x430; [Literary History] 52, no. 171 [2020]: 297&amp;#x2013;312), discusses the 
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<item rdf:about="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/868593">
  <title>International Scholarship: ii French Contributions</title>
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    &#x3C;p&#x3E;&#x3C;/p&#x3E;
    In many respects, this year&amp;#39;s output offers a challenge to any paradigm of literary criticism one might like to construct. It somehow mirrors Franco Moretti&amp;#39;s claim that the main problem of literary criticism is to do justice to a system of concepts both historiographic and rhetorical. Indeed, much of this year&amp;#39;s scholarship is an intriguing mix as it reflects a conflation of classical and modernist influences. While a historiographic approach is devoted to such writers as Henry David Thoreau, Herman Melville, Walt Whitman, and Carson McCullers, providing the ground for conjunctions of the literary and the philosophical, other scholarship argues for the freedom to apply modernist critical perspectives more broadly
    ... &#x3C;a href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/868599"&#x3E;Read More&#x3C;/a&#x3E;
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<item rdf:about="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/868594">
  <title>International Scholarship: iii Italian Contributions</title>
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    &#x3C;p&#x3E;&#x3C;/p&#x3E;
    This year&amp;#39;s Italian scholarship highlights a wide range of methods and themes and an increasing diversity of specialist studies. Many of the books, essays, articles, and translations discussed here are especially concerned with sociopolitical and environmental issues, mainly related to national boundaries, race, gender, nationality, and ecology. Contributions dealing with visual and performing arts keep alive a fruitful, uninterrupted dialogue between literature and cinema, history, geography, philosophy, and religion. The sheer volume of material makes comprehensive examination impossible; priority has been given to monographs, representative chapters in multiauthored books, significant articles published in major 
    ... &#x3C;a href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/868599"&#x3E;Read More&#x3C;/a&#x3E;
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<item rdf:about="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/868595">
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    &#x3C;p&#x3E;&#x3C;/p&#x3E;
    The current sociopolitical conditions in the United States have not surprisingly influenced the perspectives taken by scholars of American literature in Japan. The disruptive energies of the Donald Trump presidency and the widespread and sometimes violent protests against racial injustice and police brutality, among other developments, are headline issues, spreading like lightning around the world thanks to the Internet and social media. The attention to economic and gender inequality gives rise to renewed discussion of the ideals and realities of American democracy. To the ongoing political turmoil is added the disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. As quarantining becomes imperative, research trips to the 
    ... &#x3C;a href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/868599"&#x3E;Read More&#x3C;/a&#x3E;
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  <title>International Scholarship: v Nordic Contributions</title>
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    A shared focus in this year&amp;#39;s publications from scholars in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden is speculative fiction and its ability to critique and map the interaction between people and their environment. Other topics of research interest include mapping and place, contemporary U.S. poetry, ethnic literatures, crime fiction, and U.S. adaptations of Nordic works.This year&amp;#39;s Danish contributions feature a focus on speculative fiction in the form of climate fiction and zombie novels as well as an article on Paul Auster&amp;#39;s mammoth opus 4 3 2 1. In &amp;#x22;A Sociology of Failure: Migration and Narrative Method in U.S. Climate Fiction&amp;#x22; (Configurations 28: 155&amp;#x2013;80) Bryan Yazell examines three contemporary U.S. cli-fi novels
    ... &#x3C;a href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/868599"&#x3E;Read More&#x3C;/a&#x3E;
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<item rdf:about="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/868597">
  <title>General Reference Works</title>
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    &#x3C;p&#x3E;&#x3C;/p&#x3E;
    In an environment so thoroughly dominated by online information resources and the search tools capable of diving deep and thoroughly into them, the continuing decline in published reference materials is no longer a surprise. Questions that once required finding relevant pages in relevant books or consulting a knowledgeable reference librarian can now be put to a smart device on the edge of the desk. Alexa and Siri, the voices emanating from the gadget at the corner of my desk, know everything and are cheerfully responsive to my questions 24 hours a day. Meanwhile, university libraries remodel book space into group study lounges and food courts. And the modest number of publications that do by a stretch of 
    ... &#x3C;a href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/868599"&#x3E;Read More&#x3C;/a&#x3E;
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  <dcterms:issued>2022-11-03</dcterms:issued>
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  <title>Author Index</title>
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  <description>
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    Abate, Michelle Ann, 318&amp;#x2013;19Abe, Kodai, 441Abramowitz, Sophie, 270Ach, Jada, 119, 260Ackerman, Martha, 73Adams, Katherine, 225, 229Adams, Lis, 23Adams, Rachel, 325Ahmed, Sara, 69Ahokas, Pirjo, 453Akira, Yokoyama, 442Aldama, Frederick Luis, 419Al&amp;#xE9;n-Savikko, Anette, 456Alexander, Jeanne M., 163Alexander, Michael, 128Alford, Lucy, 138Alston, Theodore A., 23Alvarez, Joseph A., 78Alvarez-Amoros, Jos&amp;#xE9; Antonio, 96Amemiya, Michiko, 441Anderson, Benedict, 425Anderson, Eric Gary, 313&amp;#x2013;14Anderson, Joshua T., 322&amp;#x2013;23Anderson, Judith, 96Andreescu, Raluca, 395Andrews, Kimberly Quiogue, 344Anesko, Michael, 92, 97Anker, Richard, 407Antal, &amp;#xC9;va, 385, 395Antonelli, Sara, 161Antoszek, Patrycja, 275Appadurai, Arjun, 425Araki, Masazumi
    ... &#x3C;a href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/868599"&#x3E;Read More&#x3C;/a&#x3E;
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  <title>Subject Index</title>
  <link>https://muse.jhu.edu/article/868599</link>
  <description>
    &#x3C;p&#x3E;&#x3C;/p&#x3E;
    Abbey, Edward, 298Abbot, John, 193Abbott, Megan, 300Abe, Kazushige, 436Adair, James, 183Adams, Clover, 9Adams, Henry, 9, 98Adams, John, 412Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi, 394Adler, Alfred, 436Adorno, Theodor, 56, 119, 155, 432Agamben, Giorgio, 407Agee, James, 432Akhtar, Ayad, 360, 361Alameddine, Rabih, 318Albee, Edward, 375, 393, 437Alcott, Bronson, 22, 23Alcott, Louisa May, 4, 23, 24, 414, 418, 419, 422, 428Aldrich, Thomas Bailey, 92Alexander, Will, 352Alexie, Sherman, 313, 322, 462Allen, Elizabeth Akers, 61Alsop, Richard, 188&amp;#x2013;89Alther, Lisa, 303Alvarez, Julia, 308Ammons, A. R., 9Anaya, Rudolfo, 263Andersen, Hans Christian, 332, 446, 447&amp;#x2013;48Anderson, Margaret, 336Anderson, Sherwood, 239, 245, 415Andrews, Bruce, 355
    ... &#x3C;a href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/868599"&#x3E;Read More&#x3C;/a&#x3E;
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