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  <title>Rūmī and Chishtī Mystics in the Subcontinent (18th Century to present)</title>
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    For more than two decades, Jal&amp;#x101;l ud-D&amp;#x12B;n R&amp;#x16B;m&amp;#x12B; has been the best- selling poet in the United States. Revered as one of the greatest spiritual masters, R&amp;#x16B;m&amp;#x12B; is admired by Sufis, those drawn to New Age spirituality, and individuals seeking mystical dimensions within their religion.1 The nineteenth century saw translations of R&amp;#x16B;m&amp;#x12B;&amp;#x2019;s works, including parts of the Ma&amp;#x1E61;nav&amp;#x12B; and writings on his Sufi doctrine, reach Europe. He was regarded as an exponent of pantheism, inspiring thinkers like Friedrich  Hegel. In his Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences in Outline, Hegel discusses R&amp;#x16B;m&amp;#x12B;&amp;#x2019;s teachings in the context of pantheism.2 By the twentieth century, R&amp;#x16B;m&amp;#x12B;&amp;#x2019;s voice resonated worldwide as translations into local languages 
    ... &#x3C;a href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/946292"&#x3E;Read More&#x3C;/a&#x3E;
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  <title>City Reborn: Partition and Remaking of Lahore</title>
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    In this paper, I discuss three interconnected aspects of migrant settlement in Lahore. First, I study the patterns of migrant settlement and their impact on the city&amp;#x2019;s appearance and structure. This includes an exploration of how these patterns have reshaped Lahore&amp;#x2019;s urban landscape. Second, I examine the consequences of these settlements for Lahore&amp;#x2019;s industrial sectors, analysing how the influx of migrants has influenced industrial growth and operations. The third point of focus  is on the socio-political transformation of Lahore. I examine the city&amp;#x2019;s shift from a cosmopolitan hub to a new socio- political reality shaped by the refugees. The paper also delves into how the trauma of Partition influenced the 
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  <title>Colonial Encounters: The Impact of British Imperialism on Punjab’s Pastoral Tribes, 1849–1885</title>
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    By the end of the 19th century, much of the arid wasteland in Punjab bar tracts was brought under cultivation by the construction of the canals irrigation system. The landscape of the arid regions was transformed in  which the sedentary agriculture was extended and the population was settled. This transformation of the landscape by the British facilitated the extension of the state authority over those regions where the State was hitherto challenged by the constraints of the environment. The population in the arid waste-lands of Punjab was scarce and mobile, before the construction of the canal irrigation system, which meant that there was an absence of settled agriculture that facilitated the extension of the 
    ... &#x3C;a href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/946292"&#x3E;Read More&#x3C;/a&#x3E;
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  <title>Negotiating New Ideas: The Dynamics of Progressivism and Tradition in 1930s Bhatti</title>
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    Bhatti Gate is one of thirteen gates of the walled city of Lahore which were built by Mughal Emperor Akbar. The gate was rebuilt during the British Raj after the 1857 Uprising, which destroyed the city&amp;#x2019;s gates and walls.1 In the 1930s, which is the period of focus for this study, Bhatti was a cultural hub where many prominent figures resided, despite the attractions of newly developed colonial settlements, such as Model Town.2 The area&amp;#x2019;s proximity to educational institutions such as Government College and Oriental College was likely a reason for Bhatti&amp;#x2019;s literary population, with many residents who were writers or poets. Bhatti, like most of the Walled City, is characterised by narrow streets and blind alleys
    ... &#x3C;a href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/946292"&#x3E;Read More&#x3C;/a&#x3E;
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  <title>Forging a Political Identity: The Mohajir Qaumi Movement (1970–1996)</title>
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    &#x3C;p&#x3E;&#x3C;/p&#x3E;
    The Urdu-speaking community (commonly known as Mohajirs in Pakistan) played a key role in imagining Pakistan.1 After the creation of Pakistan in 1947, the Mohajirs extended the state narrative and followed the official nationalism of Pakistan, which defined Islam as the basis of the constitution and Urdu as the national language. The Mohajirs distanced themselves from regional and ethnic identities such as Baloch, Pashtun, and Bengali, which emerged soon after the independence of Pakistan in 1947. However, the Mohajir identity became politicised challenging the state when their representation in government jobs was reduced, leading to a sense of marginalisation in the 1970s. This increasing sense of marginalisation 
    ... &#x3C;a href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/946292"&#x3E;Read More&#x3C;/a&#x3E;
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