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    &#x3C;p&#x3E;&#x3C;/p&#x3E;
     Years before Luther&amp;#39;s fateful impasse with Zwingli at Marburg in 1529, he locked horns with Andreas Karlstadt over a similar question. Does God really use material means, namely, eating bread and drinking wine, to convey the blessing of communion with Christ? T&amp;#xFC;bingen student and pastoral candidate Johannes Schimohr here examines their exegetical debate over I Corinthians 10 in particular; johannes.schimohr@ptsem.edu. Luther had much more to say about election and predestination than he wrote in The Bondage of the Will (1525). LQ yeoman Robert Kolb surveys the landscape from before and after the treatise, through Luther&amp;#39;s letters, pastoral contexts, and table talk, all the way to the subsequent Formula of Concord 
    ... &#x3C;a href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/984005"&#x3E;Read More&#x3C;/a&#x3E;
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  <title>Communion Contested; Luther and Karlstadt on 1 Corinthians 10</title>
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    While the conflict between Martin Luther and Ulrich Zwingli regarding the Lord&amp;#39;s Supper has been widely studied, the preceding disagreement between Luther and Andreas Karlstadt von Bodenstein has not received as much scholarly attention. Nevertheless, some of the same issues were contested. Between 1524 and 1525, Karlstadt published several pamphlets in which he challenged Luther&amp;#39;s interpretation of the sacrament. Amy Nelson Burnett has emphasized the strict opposition of external and internal elements of the Lord&amp;#39;s Supper in Karlstadt&amp;#39;s theology, as well as his emphasis on spiritual communion with the body of Christ.1 In response, Luther shifted his emphasis from receiving the Lord&amp;#39;s Supper in faith, as expressed 
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  <title>Luther's Legacy on Predestination in the Context of On Bound Choice</title>
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    In the last week of the year 1525 Martin Luther published his long-awaited response to the Diatribe of Desiderius Erasmus, the Dutch scholar&amp;#39;s attempt to separate himself from association with the Wittenberg reform. Five hundred years ago a wave of appreciation and approval for the Wittenberg Reformer&amp;#39;s declaration of sinners&amp;#39; total dependence on God for reconciliation with their Creator in De servo arbitrio broke out. Two decades later John Calvin claimed that he had depended heavily on Luther&amp;#39;s De servo arbitrio in formulating his own views on predestination and the bondage of the will.1 However, enthusiasm for the work diminished rapidly among Luther&amp;#39;s own students and closest followers. Their reluctance to cite 
    ... &#x3C;a href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/984005"&#x3E;Read More&#x3C;/a&#x3E;
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  <title>The Dispute over Images between Calvinism and Lutheranism</title>
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    &amp;#x22;What does God desire in the Second Commandment?&amp;#x22; So reads the ninety-sixth question of the Heidelberg Catechism. The answer follows: &amp;#x22;That we should not falsely depict (verbilden) God in any way, nor worship him in any way other than what he has commanded in his word.&amp;#x22;1 In addition to the numbering of the Decalogue&amp;#39;s commandments, with the prohibition of images as the second commandment, the handling of images in general became one of the features distinguishing Calvinism and Lutheranism. Martin Luther considered the prohibition of graven images to be classified under Jewish ceremonial laws2 and thus included in the First Commandment (against having or worshipping other gods). But the Heidelberg Catechism
    ... &#x3C;a href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/984005"&#x3E;Read More&#x3C;/a&#x3E;
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<item rdf:about="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/983997">
  <title>Old Lady Against the Current</title>
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    &#x3C;p&#x3E;&#x3C;/p&#x3E;
    The tides of the Enlightenment have reportedly receded during my lifetime, but they had two effects that my generation in the church has grappled with all our lives. First is the historical critical method of studying the Bible and second, the birth control pill, the first medicine, I think, to stop a natural process, rather than heal a disease. The consequences of the pill have remade the world and the church in which I grew up and we are still reeling. It launched the feminist movement from which I benefited but from which I now demur given where it has ended up. As I look back over my life, I think of the old Norse fairy tale, Kj&amp;#xE6;rringa mot str&amp;#xF8;mmen/Old Lady Against the Current.My generation is the last who will 
    ... &#x3C;a href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/984005"&#x3E;Read More&#x3C;/a&#x3E;
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<item rdf:about="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/983998">
  <title>Theologians' Correspondence in the Late Reformation: A New Resource for Research</title>
  <link>https://muse.jhu.edu/article/983998</link>
  <description>
    &#x3C;p&#x3E;&#x3C;/p&#x3E;
    Theologenbriefwechsel im S&amp;#xFC;dwesten des Reichs in der Fr&amp;#xFC;hen Neuzeit (1550&amp;#x2013;1620) [Theologians&amp;#39; Correspondence in the Southwest of the Empire in the Early Modern Period (1550&amp;#x2013;1620)], ed. Christoph Strohm. Quellen und Forschungen zur Reformationsgeschichte (G&amp;#xFC;tersloh: G&amp;#xFC;tersloher Verlagshaus, 2020&amp;#x2013;); on-line: https://thbw.hadw-bw.de/The correspondence of the reformers has long been an essential primary source for theologians, historians, and biographers. Their letters give insight on theological topics and details of personal life, but they do much more than that. They also illustrate the spread of news and information, rumor and gossip, and they contain a wealth of information about political, scientific, and 
    ... &#x3C;a href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/984005"&#x3E;Read More&#x3C;/a&#x3E;
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<item rdf:about="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/983999">
  <title>Martin Luther's On the Papacy (1545) from Justus Jonas, Jr. to New Hanover, Pennsylvania</title>
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  <description>
    &#x3C;p&#x3E;&#x3C;/p&#x3E;
    As with any famous personage, items connected to Martin Luther have over the centuries been lost, misplaced, destroyed in war, or otherwise disappeared.1 On occasion, an interesting piece of his work turns up again. Such is the case with a book now owned by New Hanover Evangelical Lutheran Church in Gilbertsville, Pennsylvania, and going on permanent loan to the Kessler Collection at Pitt Theology Library, Emory University. In 2024, the pastor of New Hanover, the Rev. Scott Staub, contacted Timothy J. Wengert in hopes of finding out more about the book in connection with the congregation&amp;#39;s 325th anniversary.The congregation traces its roots back long before Henry Melchior Muhlenberg, whom they, along with 
    ... &#x3C;a href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/984005"&#x3E;Read More&#x3C;/a&#x3E;
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<item rdf:about="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/984000">
  <title>Notes</title>
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    For 95 issues, almost 24 years, and approximately 1,600 reviews, Mary Jane Haemig has been Lutheran Quarterly&amp;#39;s stalwart Book Review Editor. Since 2003, she has chosen titles, contacted publishers, invited reviewers old and new, edited the reviews, and patrolled the page proofs for every issue, all with dependable excellence. The LQ Directors often singled out the Book Review section for accolades at their annual meetings. She has even mentored her successor, Martin Lohrmann of Wartburg Seminary who will move from Associate Book Review Editor to take charge of this essential portfolio as of April 1, 2026. Haemig herself will continue as Associate Editor of LQ and LQ Books (Fortress). Authors, publishers, scholars
    ... &#x3C;a href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/984005"&#x3E;Read More&#x3C;/a&#x3E;
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  <title>Disputations I by Martin Luther (review)</title>
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    A companion to volume 73, this book assembles thirty-eight disputations or colloquies which Luther or his colleagues held. Luther&amp;#39;s disputations reveal him to be a high-level academic who is ready to use logic and dialectic to advance the gospel and clarify doctrine. These disputations cover a range of issues which Luther faced including his appreciation for logic despite his misgivings with Aristotle, his challenge to Biel&amp;#39;s supposition that &amp;#x22;first grace&amp;#x22; can be earned, his reconception of the gospel as neither a directive nor a description but instead a promise, his dismissal of the superiority of monastic life over secular engagement, and his advocacy for the distinction between law and gospel.While Luther&amp;#39;s 
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  <title>Life under the Cross: A Biography of the Reformer Matthias Flacius Illyricus by Wade Johnston (review)</title>
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    As Lutheran Quarterly readers mourn Oliver Olson&amp;#39;s passing, it is fitting that a new book on Matthias Flacius (1520&amp;#x2013;1575) aims to continue part of Olson&amp;#39;s legacy. Wade Johnston pays tribute to the biographies by Wilhelm Preger, Oliver Olson, and Luka Ili&amp;#x107; &amp;#x2013;trast to their authoritative work, this Wisconsin Lutheran College professor states that his modest purpose is threefold. First, Johnston wrote his study for his own personal development. Second, he wants the gifted Croatian&amp;#39;s impact on hermeneutics, church history, systematics, and church and state relations to be better understood. Third, the parish pastor in him hopes a popular and inexpensive biography will get more pastors and laity interested in the Gnesio 
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  <title>Johann Agricola aus Eisleben (ca. 1494–1566): Vom Freund zum Gegner der Wittenberger Reformatoren ed. by Irene Dingel and Armin Kohnle (review)</title>
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    &#x3C;p&#x3E;&#x3C;/p&#x3E;
    As a student of Martin Luther who became an influential colleague, Johann Agricola helped shape the early Reformation in and around Wittenberg. Indeed, Agricola&amp;#39;s first modern biographer, Gustav Kawerau, contended that Agricola may even have accompanied Luther across Wittenberg to post the Ninety-Five Theses in 1517. Nevertheless, Agricola is remembered in Lutheran history almost exclusively for his subsequent falling out with Luther and Melanchthon due to his different understanding of law and gospel. Where Luther and Melanchthon believed that the law was a mirror provided by God to show people their sins and thus produce repentance, Agricola believed that the law played no role in a person&amp;#39;s salvation and that 
    ... &#x3C;a href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/984005"&#x3E;Read More&#x3C;/a&#x3E;
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  <title>A Dream Eclipsed: The Fractured Quest for Greater Lutheran Unity by Lowell Almen (review)</title>
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    &#x3C;p&#x3E;&#x3C;/p&#x3E;
    This is a memoir by Lowell Almen, for twenty years the Secretary of the Evangelical Lutheran Church (ELCA). Among other elements it contains his observations of the processes that brought the ELCA together and those developments that eventually led a significant portion of the ELCA to break away and form two new Lutheran denominations, Lutheran Congregations in Mission for Christ (LCMC) and the North America Lutheran Church (NALC); hence the subtitle:&amp;#x22;The Fractured Quest.&amp;#x22; As with all such memoirs, it is a very important historical document from someone who was deeply involved in the formation and development of the ELCA. Yet, historians know that reading such a document often provides only one view of the history 
    ... &#x3C;a href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/984005"&#x3E;Read More&#x3C;/a&#x3E;
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