Project MUSE®: Journal of the Early Republic - Latest Articles
https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/295
Project MUSE®: Latest articles in Journal of the Early Republic.daily12026-05-16T00:00:00-05:00text/htmlen-USVol. 25 (2005) through current issueLatest Articles: Journal of the Early RepublicTWOProject MUSE®Journal of the Early Republic1553-06200275-1275Latest articles in Journal of the Early Republic. Feed provided by Project MUSE®The First American Republic: An Alternative Genealogy
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/984078
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This Presidential Address emerges from my recent book, The Rise and Fall of the Second American Republic, on Reconstruction, viewed traditionally as the period immediately after the American Civil War. This book, which considerably expands the temporal and spatial scope of Reconstruction, lies far beyond the purview of SHEAR. It begins with the election of Abraham Lincoln to the presidency in 1860, when I argue the First American Republic fell with the secession of the lower south states from the Union and the formation of the Confederacy the following year. It is not only the chronology of my book but its interpretation that is at odds with conventional narratives, which have emphasized how the United States was
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Project MUSE®https://muse.jhu.edu/2026-05-16T00:00:00-05:00https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/295/image/coversmallThe First American Republic: An Alternative Genealogy2026-02-24text/htmlen-USThe First American Republic: An Alternative Genealogy2026-02-242026TWOProject MUSE®1203992026-05-16T00:00:00-05:002026-02-24“Brought to this City”: Enslaved Saint-Dominguans, Mobility, and Freedom-seeking in Philadelphia, 1791–1810
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/984079
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In April 1796, an eighteen-year-old enslaved man named Joseph sought his freedom in Philadelphia. Joseph had lived in the city for roughly nine months, having arrived from Jérémie in southern Saint-Domingue with his enslaver, a man named Shamis, “about Midsummer Last.” Shamis had opened up a boarding house near the docks on Front Street, and continued to hold Joseph in slavery until February 1796, when he took Joseph to the office of Mayor Hilary Baker to sign a contract of indenture. Pennsylvania’s 1780 Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery required that anyone brought into the state as a slave would become legally free after six months, and like hundreds of other enslavers who traveled to the city from
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Project MUSE®https://muse.jhu.edu/2026-05-16T00:00:00-05:00https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/295/image/coversmall“Brought to this City”: Enslaved Saint-Dominguans, Mobility, and Freedom-seeking in Philadelphia, 1791–18102026-02-24text/htmlen-US“Brought to this City”: Enslaved Saint-Dominguans, Mobility, and Freedom-seeking in Philadelphia, 1791–18102026-02-242026TWOProject MUSE®1208282026-05-16T00:00:00-05:002026-02-24Preface: Whitney Cross’s Burned-over District at 75
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/984080
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Whitney Cross’s The Burned-over District was first published in 1950. It is a book much referenced and admired because it helped historians imagine a time and place so vividly. It was also a work of pioneering social history that anticipated scholars who would seek to find the roots of the Burned-over District’s cultural ferment in the changing economic and material conditions of life in upstate New York.Thanks to Cross, we all have some vision of the Burned-over District in our heads. Historians have studied upstate New York to understand changes in American religion, economics, politics, and culture during the era of the market revolution. Cross’s Burned-over District was Ground Zero for all the pressures and
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Project MUSE®https://muse.jhu.edu/2026-05-16T00:00:00-05:00https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/295/image/coversmallPreface: Whitney Cross’s Burned-over District at 752026-02-24text/htmlen-USPreface: Whitney Cross’s Burned-over District at 752026-02-242026TWOProject MUSE®86052026-05-16T00:00:00-05:002026-02-24Females and Friends in the Burned-over District
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/984081
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Whitney Cross’s The Burned-over District, which I first read in graduate school in summer 1976, made western New York seem far more exciting than I had ever imagined. I had grown up in Spencerport, New York, just west of Rochester. The city’s fame rested largely on the presence of Eastman Kodak. In 1964, when I was thirteen, Blacks in the city rebelled against police violence, shoddy housing, poor schools, and other forms of racial discrimination and abuse. Nearly everyone in the surrounding towns, which were overwhelmingly white, was shocked. They had watched televised images of civil rights protests and white backlash in Montgomery, Birmingham, and other southern cities. Seeing it so close to home was entirely
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Project MUSE®https://muse.jhu.edu/2026-05-16T00:00:00-05:00https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/295/image/coversmallFemales and Friends in the Burned-over District2026-02-24text/htmlen-USFemales and Friends in the Burned-over District2026-02-242026TWOProject MUSE®368182026-05-16T00:00:00-05:002026-02-24“Here we wish to lay our bones in peace”: Haudenosaunee People in the Burned-over District of Upstate New York
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/984082
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“Brothers. We want the President to know that we are for peace, and that we only ask the possession of our rights. True we are small in number, but we only ask for justice. We want to be allowed to live on our land in peace. We love Tonewanda {sic}. We have no wish to leave it. It is the residue of the land of our fathers. Here we wish to lay our bones in peace.”On May 23, 1840, sixteen leaders at the Seneca homeland at Tonawanda sent this petition “To the members of the Committees on Indian concerns for the Religious Society of Friends about to meet at Farmington.” Just over six weeks earlier, on April 4, 1840, President Martin Van Buren had proclaimed the Treaty of Buffalo Creek, mandating removal of all
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Project MUSE®https://muse.jhu.edu/2026-05-16T00:00:00-05:00https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/295/image/coversmall“Here we wish to lay our bones in peace”: Haudenosaunee People in the Burned-over District of Upstate New York2026-02-24text/htmlen-US“Here we wish to lay our bones in peace”: Haudenosaunee People in the Burned-over District of Upstate New York2026-02-242026TWOProject MUSE®690642026-05-16T00:00:00-05:002026-02-24Those Left Out of The Burned-over District: African Americans, Revivalism, and Reform in the Antebellum United States
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/984083
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In The Burned-over District, first published in 1950 and reis-sued by Cornell University Press in 1982, Whitney R. Cross, a native of Rochester, New York, explored the rise of evangelical religion during the 1820s and 1830s in Upstate New York, as well as the subsequent rise of various reform movements in the same region during the 1830s. Cross chose to focus on a smaller region rather than write a more sweeping study because, in his words, “microcosmic study has definite advantages. This limited territory I have come to know intimately, perhaps thus achieving more careful analysis than I could have hoped for with a larger expanse.”1In exploring first the dramatic rise and growth of evangelical religion in what he
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Project MUSE®https://muse.jhu.edu/2026-05-16T00:00:00-05:00https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/295/image/coversmallThose Left Out of The Burned-over District: African Americans, Revivalism, and Reform in the Antebellum United States2026-02-24text/htmlen-USThose Left Out of The Burned-over District: African Americans, Revivalism, and Reform in the Antebellum United States2026-02-242026TWOProject MUSE®233522026-05-16T00:00:00-05:002026-02-24The Burned-over District and Blacks: A Touch of California Free Love and the Border of British Canada
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/984084
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For too long the scholarship on the Burned-over District has focused on the “hundreds of thousands of white settlers . . . pouring into the area” of Central and Western New York for the socio-religious movement of the Second Great Awakening. This article asserts that the Burned-over District was important to Blacks, both fugitive and free, before the Civil War for two major reasons. First, from 1790 to 1860, it was a place that was more open and welcoming than other spaces in the United States. The free thinking of groups like the Shakers, the Miller-ites, the Mormons, and the Oneida Society, as well as the abolitionists and woman’s suffrage advocates, helped to usher in a space friendly to Blacks. This liberal
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Project MUSE®https://muse.jhu.edu/2026-05-16T00:00:00-05:00https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/295/image/coversmallThe Burned-over District and Blacks: A Touch of California Free Love and the Border of British Canada2026-02-24text/htmlen-USThe Burned-over District and Blacks: A Touch of California Free Love and the Border of British Canada2026-02-242026TWOProject MUSE®420042026-05-16T00:00:00-05:002026-02-24Empire of Enthusiasm: Whitney Cross’s The Burned-over District as Prologue to a Metaphysical Republic
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/984085
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I begin with a confession: When asked to participate in a consideration of the legacy of Whitney Cross’s The Burned-over District, I could not for the life of me remember if I had actually read the thing. I suspected not. I proceeded on this assumption for several weeks, until a search of my hard drive revealed a detailed set of notes that I had apparently taken in 2010 while preparing for general examinations as a doctoral candidate in American religious history at Harvard University. I must admit, they were pretty good. Despite a clear lack of interest in the opening chapters that dealt with social history (apologies to social historians), this young student of American religion did a decent job capturing Cross’s
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Project MUSE®https://muse.jhu.edu/2026-05-16T00:00:00-05:00https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/295/image/coversmallEmpire of Enthusiasm: Whitney Cross’s The Burned-over District as Prologue to a Metaphysical Republic2026-02-24text/htmlen-USEmpire of Enthusiasm: Whitney Cross’s The Burned-over District as Prologue to a Metaphysical Republic2026-02-242026TWOProject MUSE®279522026-05-16T00:00:00-05:002026-02-24Declarations of Independence: Indigenous Resilience, Colonial Rivalries, and the Cost of Revolution by Christopher R. Pearl (review)
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/984086
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Despite the settlement’s hopeful name, “Fair Play,” it had a lot of enemies. The Haudenosaunee who claimed jurisdiction over the region—the Susquehanna River Valley in what is now northern Pennsylvania—had not given their permission. The various Susquehanna and allied Native nations of the Ohio Valley did not necessarily agree with Haudenosaunee claims, but many of them used the land for hunting and other parts of their diversified economies, and they were ready to protect their interests both militarily and diplomatically. In the aftermath of the expensive Seven Years’ War and Pontiac’s War, British authorities periodically evicted settlers from the region to fulfill Britain’s obligations under the Treaties of
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Project MUSE®https://muse.jhu.edu/2026-05-16T00:00:00-05:00https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/295/image/coversmallDeclarations of Independence: Indigenous Resilience, Colonial Rivalries, and the Cost of Revolution by Christopher R. Pearl (review)2026-02-24text/htmlen-USDeclarations of Independence: Indigenous Resilience, Colonial Rivalries, and the Cost of Revolution by Christopher R. Pearl (review)2026-02-242026TWOProject MUSE®143852026-05-16T00:00:00-05:002026-02-24The Age of the Borderlands: Indians, Slaves, and the Limits of Manifest Destiny, 1790–1850 by Andrew C. Isenberg (review)
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/984087
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The term Manifest Destiny appears in both academic and popular discourse in reference to closely related yet unclearly distinct things. Manifest Destiny can be the period of substantial U.S. territorial expansion spanning from 1803 to 1848, a contemporary interpretation of that expansion dubbed by John O’Sullivan in 1845, or the still-dominant meta-narrative of nineteenth-century U.S. expansion across the North American West that emerged at the turn of twentieth century. Despite the clear need to do so, historians rarely scrutinize Manifest Destiny when wielding the term in their examinations of U.S. expansion because of the slippery task of simply defining the term.Andrew Isenberg does not shy away from the
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Project MUSE®https://muse.jhu.edu/2026-05-16T00:00:00-05:00https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/295/image/coversmallThe Age of the Borderlands: Indians, Slaves, and the Limits of Manifest Destiny, 1790–1850 by Andrew C. Isenberg (review)2026-02-24text/htmlen-USThe Age of the Borderlands: Indians, Slaves, and the Limits of Manifest Destiny, 1790–1850 by Andrew C. Isenberg (review)2026-02-242026TWOProject MUSE®93702026-05-16T00:00:00-05:002026-02-24Sedition: How America’s Constitutional Order Emerged from Violent Crisis by Marcus Alexander Gadson (review)
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/984088
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In Sedition, Marcus Alexander Gadson asks us to step back from present-day controversies about whether we are in a constitutional crisis at the federal level to look at state constitutional crises before and after the Civil War. Yet, the present day is never far from his concern as he seeks to impart lessons for us today. In his examination of six state constitutional crises, three before and three in the aftermath of the Civil War, Gadson builds a narrative primarily around the themes of popular sovereignty and liberty, showing how these ideas are a throughline to today. At every turn, he effectively shows how Americans struggled to resolve these issues not through reasoned civil debate but often by fraud and
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Project MUSE®https://muse.jhu.edu/2026-05-16T00:00:00-05:00https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/295/image/coversmallSedition: How America’s Constitutional Order Emerged from Violent Crisis by Marcus Alexander Gadson (review)2026-02-24text/htmlen-USSedition: How America’s Constitutional Order Emerged from Violent Crisis by Marcus Alexander Gadson (review)2026-02-242026TWOProject MUSE®95852026-05-16T00:00:00-05:002026-02-24Dartmouth College v. Woodward: Colleges, Corporations, and the Common Good by Adam R. Nelson (review)
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/984089
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In his book Dartmouth College v. Woodward: Colleges, Corporations, and the Common Good, Adam R. Nelson engages in great detail one of the most consequential Supreme Court cases general readers have likely never heard of. In Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819), Chief Justice Marshall and the high court were called upon to settle half a century of controversy over the governance of Dartmouth College, and in doing so, shaped American university governance and corporate law for over two centuries.Nelson expertly traces the history of higher education in the New England colonies and first decades under the Constitution to establish the political and social context of the case. He clearly demonstrates the role of
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Project MUSE®https://muse.jhu.edu/2026-05-16T00:00:00-05:00https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/295/image/coversmallDartmouth College v. Woodward: Colleges, Corporations, and the Common Good by Adam R. Nelson (review)2026-02-24text/htmlen-USDartmouth College v. Woodward: Colleges, Corporations, and the Common Good by Adam R. Nelson (review)2026-02-242026TWOProject MUSE®116542026-05-16T00:00:00-05:002026-02-24Truth and Privilege: Libel Law in Massachusetts and Nova Scotia, 1820–1840 by Lyndsay M. Campbell (review)
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/984090
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One reason historical scholarship about the early American republic is so important is that it can help us understand a crucially formative era’s paths taken and not taken. By this measure, Lyndsay M. Campbell’s Truth and Privilege: Libel Law in Massachusetts and Nova Scotia, 1820–1840 should be a welcome addition to the field. Campbell’s book explains how divergent approaches to freedom of expression played out in two places that were connected and similar, but separated by the consequences of the American Revolution. As Campbell shows, in Massachusetts, in the new American republic, the law of libel relied primarily on the independent judiciary for defining, interpreting, and protecting citizens’ expression
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Project MUSE®https://muse.jhu.edu/2026-05-16T00:00:00-05:00https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/295/image/coversmallTruth and Privilege: Libel Law in Massachusetts and Nova Scotia, 1820–1840 by Lyndsay M. Campbell (review)2026-02-24text/htmlen-USTruth and Privilege: Libel Law in Massachusetts and Nova Scotia, 1820–1840 by Lyndsay M. Campbell (review)2026-02-242026TWOProject MUSE®110732026-05-16T00:00:00-05:002026-02-24The First Reconstruction: Black Politics in America from the Revolution to the Civil War by Van Gosse (review)
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/984091
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The historiography of Black citizenship and politics in the pre-Civil War era has blossomed in recent decades. Many historians, such as Martha S. Jones, Kate Masur, and Stephen Kantrowitz, have shed light on how African Americans submitted petitions, organized conventions, and spear-headed protest movements in their campaigns for equality. However, few scholarly works have explored the centrality of electoral politics to antebellum Black activism. Van Gosse’s The First Reconstruction: Black Politics in America from the Revolution to the Civil War addresses this gap in the historiography. Gosse explores the diversity and evolution of Black electoral politics across the U.S. North. African Americans, he argues, were
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Project MUSE®https://muse.jhu.edu/2026-05-16T00:00:00-05:00https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/295/image/coversmallThe First Reconstruction: Black Politics in America from the Revolution to the Civil War by Van Gosse (review)2026-02-24text/htmlen-USThe First Reconstruction: Black Politics in America from the Revolution to the Civil War by Van Gosse (review)2026-02-242026TWOProject MUSE®99412026-05-16T00:00:00-05:002026-02-24Plantation Goods: A Material History of American Slavery by Seth Rockman (review)
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/984092
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What can a small square of unassuming woven cloth pinned to a nineteenth-century textile merchant’s letter reveal about northern manufacturing and southern slavery in the United States? As Seth Rockman discusses in his exceptional book Plantation Goods: A Material History of American Slavery, woven textiles known as negro cloth were one of many items intentionally produced for the southern market, irrevocably entangling northern economic growth with southern plantations. Diving deeply into complex networks of entrepreneurs, factory and piecework laborers, manufacturers, distributors, plantation owners, and enslaved men and women, Plantation Goods is a richly researched and compelling work bringing two often-siloed
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Project MUSE®https://muse.jhu.edu/2026-05-16T00:00:00-05:00https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/295/image/coversmallPlantation Goods: A Material History of American Slavery by Seth Rockman (review)2026-02-24text/htmlen-USPlantation Goods: A Material History of American Slavery by Seth Rockman (review)2026-02-242026TWOProject MUSE®114752026-05-16T00:00:00-05:002026-02-24Emerson’s Civil Wars: Spirit and Society in the Age of Abolition by Kenneth S. Sacks (review)
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/984093
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Ralph Waldo Emerson’s politics have always been up for grabs. He was pliable in his own time, and modern scholarly assessments have pulled him in different directions, too. The fiery activist women of his circle— Mary Moody Emerson, Mary Merrick Brooks, Cynthia Dunbar Thoreau, his wife Lidian—could cajole him into public acts like the publication of an open letter to President Martin Van Buren protesting Cherokee removal, even as he confided to his journal that it was “a letter hated of me, a deliverance that does not deliver the soul. I write my journal, I read my lecture with joy; but this stirring in the philanthropic mud gives me no peace.” Emerson’s twentieth-and twenty-first-century readers have sometimes
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Project MUSE®https://muse.jhu.edu/2026-05-16T00:00:00-05:00https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/295/image/coversmallEmerson’s Civil Wars: Spirit and Society in the Age of Abolition by Kenneth S. Sacks (review)2026-02-24text/htmlen-USEmerson’s Civil Wars: Spirit and Society in the Age of Abolition by Kenneth S. Sacks (review)2026-02-242026TWOProject MUSE®97282026-05-16T00:00:00-05:002026-02-24Saltwater: Grief in Early America by Mary Eyring (review)
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/984094
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In 1620, when the Mayflower approached the coastline near Patuxet, William Bradford and other pilgrims onboard immediately felt “the icy chill of grief” (11) enveloping the surrounding area. While “The Great Dying” (1616–1619) was a past event, the grievous mood still hung over the former Wampanoag stronghold. As English pioneers began to settle down, overwhelming challenges made death a common experience among colonists and grief an integral part of early New England life. Although previous studies, such as Eric Seeman’s Death in the New World: Cross-Cultural Encounters, 1492–1800 (Philadelphia, 2010), have examined death and its associated rituals in early America, few scholars have focused on grief, especially
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Project MUSE®https://muse.jhu.edu/2026-05-16T00:00:00-05:00https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/295/image/coversmallSaltwater: Grief in Early America by Mary Eyring (review)2026-02-24text/htmlen-USSaltwater: Grief in Early America by Mary Eyring (review)2026-02-242026TWOProject MUSE®96262026-05-16T00:00:00-05:002026-02-24Whiskerology: The Culture of Hair in Nineteenth-Century America by Sarah Gold McBride (review)
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/984095
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In her fascinating new book, Whiskerology, Sarah Gold McBride presents historians with a challenge: We need to stop thinking about hair as a follicular outgrowth that sprouts from the body and start treating it as a subject worthy of critical analysis. Because hair is both a biological reality and cultural product, she argues, its meaning has changed over time. Hair, in other words, has a history—and if we’re willing to study that history, we can better understand the past. Whiskerology makes two major historiographic claims: historians of science, politics, and culture haven’t paid enough attention to hair, and scholars of hair haven’t paid enough attention to science, politics, and culture. Scratching every
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Project MUSE®https://muse.jhu.edu/2026-05-16T00:00:00-05:00https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/295/image/coversmallWhiskerology: The Culture of Hair in Nineteenth-Century America by Sarah Gold McBride (review)2026-02-24text/htmlen-USWhiskerology: The Culture of Hair in Nineteenth-Century America by Sarah Gold McBride (review)2026-02-242026TWOProject MUSE®113222026-05-16T00:00:00-05:002026-02-24Theatres of the Body: Dance and Discourse in Antebellum Philadelphia by Lynn Matluck Brooks (review)
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/984096
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In Theatres of the Body: Dance and Discourse in Antebellum Philadelphia, Lynn Matluck Brooks makes a valiant attempt to document and analyze the way social norms and hierarchies were imposed, policed, and transgressed via a range of cultural productions focused on the body, including dance. Brooks states that her motivation for writing the book was to make sense of the simultaneous appearance of seemingly opposing genres on the antebellum stage, particularly European-inspired ballet dancing and American-bred blackface performance. Cultural historian Lawrence Levine tackled that conundrum in 1988. “Americans,” he concluded, “in addition to whatever specific cultures they were part of, shared a public culture less
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Project MUSE®https://muse.jhu.edu/2026-05-16T00:00:00-05:00https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/295/image/coversmallTheatres of the Body: Dance and Discourse in Antebellum Philadelphia by Lynn Matluck Brooks (review)2026-02-24text/htmlen-USTheatres of the Body: Dance and Discourse in Antebellum Philadelphia by Lynn Matluck Brooks (review)2026-02-242026TWOProject MUSE®98252026-05-16T00:00:00-05:002026-02-24The Slow Death of Slavery in Dutch New York: A Cultural, Economic, and Demographic History, 1700–1827 by Michael J. Douma (review)
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/984097
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The topic of slavery in Dutch New York is enjoying a renaissance of sorts. In the past eight years, Jeroen Dewulf, Andrea Mosterman, and Nicole Maskiell have all published monographs on the social, cultural dynamics of the Dutch and Anglo–Dutch slave systems. They have described how New York slave owners built huge trade networks abroad and luxurious manors at home, how they created environments of surveillance, mastery, and control. Conversely, these same historians have studied Black brotherhoods, the Pinkster tradition, and enslaved peoples’ networks and methods of resistance.1In The Slow Death of Slavery, Michael Douma covers some of the same ground, but he sets himself apart with his economic, demographic
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Project MUSE®https://muse.jhu.edu/2026-05-16T00:00:00-05:00https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/295/image/coversmallThe Slow Death of Slavery in Dutch New York: A Cultural, Economic, and Demographic History, 1700–1827 by Michael J. Douma (review)2026-02-24text/htmlen-USThe Slow Death of Slavery in Dutch New York: A Cultural, Economic, and Demographic History, 1700–1827 by Michael J. Douma (review)2026-02-242026TWOProject MUSE®92832026-05-16T00:00:00-05:002026-02-24