Singapore and the Silk Road of the Sea 1300-1800

List of Tables and Figures

446 no. Description 0.16 Boulder prepared for splitting, West Java 0.17 The Singapore Stone 0.18 Kala head ornament on Bhairawa statue, West Sumatra 0.19 Gold kala head found in 1926, FTC 0.20 Map indicating the bathing place 0.21 The kala head was found beneath the small yellow structure Chapter 1 1.00 Indonesian vessel depicted on the Borobudur 1.01 Bronze drum in Dongson style from Chaiya 1.02 Map of where Dongson drums have been discovered 1.03 Map of sailing routes and wind patterns of the Silk Road of the Sea 1.04 Medieval European map of Southeast Asia from Claudius Ptolemaeus’ Cosmographia Chapter 2 2.00 Kedah Peak 2.01 Sembiran 2.02 Romano-Indian rouletted ware, Sembiran 2.03 Ninth-century gold coins, central Java 2.04 Maritime routes of Chinese Buddhist pilgrims 2.05 Southeast Asian ports of the first millennium AD 2.06 Musi River, Palembang 2.07 A modern Muslim keramat or shrine on Mt. Seguntang , Palembang 2.08 A late seventh-century inscription in Old Malay language and script discovered at Sabukingking 2.09 Statue of the Mahayana Buddhist deity Avalokitesvara 2.10 Wat Long, Chaiya 2.11 Wat Phra Boromthat, Chaiya 2.12 A door handle in the shape of a kala, probably for use on a temple 2.13 A set of vajras symbolizing the thunderbolt to be used by Buddhist priests Chapter 3 3.00 A gold merchant’s shop depicted on the Borobudur 3.01 Map of Southeast Asian kingdoms and ports, eleventh– thirteenth centuries 3.02 Candi Bukit Batu Pahat 3.03 Traditional boat with side rudders on the Batanghari near Muara Jambi 3.04 Gudang Garam, Muara Jambi 3.05 Telaga Raja, “King’s Pool”, Muara Jambi 3.06 Statue of Prajnaparamita 3.07 Mahligai Stupa, Sumatra 447 no. Description 3.08 Creek leading to the Kota Cina site 3.09 Indonesian excavation 1977, Kota Cina 3.10 Brick temple foundation, Kota Cina 3.11 Soil strata of habitation area, Kota Cina 3.12 Granite Buddha in south Indian/Sri Lankan style 3.13 Green porcelain with molded fish decoration, Kota Cina 3.14 Celadon kendi, Kota Cina 3.15 Fine Paste ring-shaped kendi, Java Sea shipwreck 3.16 Lid of porcelain, brown glaze, Java Sea shipwreck 3.17 The Bayon Temple 3.18 Angkor Wat Chapter 4 4.00 British map made in 1709 4.01 Important sites in Riau and the Straits of Melaka, fourteenth to sixteenth centuries 4.02 Singapore, Karimun, Riau, and Lingga 4.03 Karimun quarry 4.04 The Karimun inscription 4.05 Karimun inscription, written in large Nagari characters and Sanskrit language 4.06 View from the site of the Karimun inscription over the Straits of Melaka 4.07 Residents of north Karimun, Orang Akit 4.08 Karimun shrine 4.09 Godinho de Erédia’s map of Singapore 4.10 Candi Jawi 4.11 Important toponyms in fourteenth-century Singapore 4.12 Wheatley’s map of Singapore, based on Wang Dayuan ’s account 4.13 Longya men: the Dragon’s Tooth Strait seen from Fort Siloso on Sentosa Island in the 1980s 4.14 The Nagarakrtagama or Desawarnana palm-leaf manuscript , or lontar 4.15 Relief depicting a man carrying objects on a pole, or pikulan, on Candi Tegurwangi 4.16 Statue of a Tantric Buddhist deity, Bhairawa, probably portraying Adityawarman 4.17 Ruins of Ayutthaya 4.18 Part of the Mao Kun map, based on the voyages of Zheng He’s armada, 1405–1433 4.19 Earthenware kendi, Bakau/Maranei shipwreck 4.20 Restored bastion at the fort of Johor Lama 448 no. Description 4.21 Reconstruction of the Portuguese attack on Johor Lama Chapter 5 5.00 The Singapore River circa 1822 5.01 Bras Basah Park during excavation 5.02 Stratigraphy of Bras Basah Park 5.03 Archaeological sites of fourteenth-century Singapore, 1984–2009 5.04 Belahan bathing place, east Java 5.05 Spout from bathing place, Batusangkar, west Sumatra 5.06 Prehistoric stone tools from Tanjung Karang and Pulau Ubin, Singapore, and Tanjung Bunga, Johor 5.07 Geological structure of southern Singapore 5.08 Distribution of fourteenth-century sites excavated on Fort Canning 5.09 Excavation sites in the vicinity of the Keramat Iskandar Shah 5.10 Excavation plan and profile, FTC square III 5.11 Profile of FTC square IV, North 5.12 K1...