Upland Transformations in Vietnam

List of Figures

0.1 Relief 4 0.2 Forest cover 5 0.3 Population density 6 0.4 Ethnicity 7 0.5 Transportation network 9 0.6 Incidence of poverty 10 0.7 Literate population 15 years of age and older 11 2.1 Changing forest cover in Vietnam 60 3.1 Ha Tinh province, indicating site of fieldwork and 85 topography 5.1 Location of the study sites in Nghệ An province, Vietnam 118 5.2 Upland fields in Cần hamlet: 1993–2003 128 5.3 Upland fields in Lưu Phong hamlet: 1993–2002 130 5.4 Upland fields in Ma hamlet: 1998–2003 131 5.5 Upland fields in Quê hamlet: 1993–2003 133 5.6 Mean centre and first standard deviation of the 134 distribution of upland fields 5.7 Analytical framework: interaction of government 137 policies, market demands and ecological landscape 7.1 Bảo Thắng District (Lào Cai province), Northern Mountain 167 Region 7.2 Transformation of the local market network 180 8.1 Villagers prepare to plant cassava within the national park. 187 8.2 Map showing official land-use categories in 188 Ba Vì National Park. 8.3 Villagers process cassava in the upper elevations of 191 Ba Vì National Park. 8.4 Sabotage of forest plantations is evident in the national park. 196 8.5 Villagers grow canna beneath acacia plantations in the 197 national park. 9.1 Land-use pattern in study village 211 List of Figures ii ...