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Contents
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v Table of Contents Preface………………………………………………………….ix Acknowledgements…………………………………………… xi Lists of Photographs, Maps & Illustrations…………………. xiii Abbreviations…………………………………………………. xv Chapter 1: Independence and Reunification: An Analysis of Basic Issues 1 A Historical Panorama…………………………………………. 1 Double British Standards……………………………………….. 4 The Paradox……………………………………………………. 8 Southern Cameroons refused independence……………………. 9 Nature, Reason and shape of Reaction………………………….. 12 Milne’s Revelations Revolutionize Cameroon History…………... 15 Chapter 2: Grassland, Forest and Coast…………………….. 25 “Switzerland of Africa”…………………………………………. 25 Friends and Neighbours…………………………………………29 Endeley and Foncha: Grassland and Forest…………………….. 32 Evidence on Record: Building Bridges………………………….. 36 The Reality: Undiluted loyalty to Endeley………………………. 38 German Legacy: Quest for Robust ‘Native Labour’…………….. 46 Bali-German Hegemony and Brutality………………………….. 51 Incredible savagery: Depopulation of vassal villages…………… 52 Haemorrhage and Demographic imbalance………...……………56 Of Public Apologies: J.N. Foncha and S.T. Muna………………. 58 Open Tribute to Founders and Donors………………………….61 Chapter 3: North and South West: Factors in Reunification………………………….………………………..66 A Case of Identity………………………………...…………........66 Charles Assale: Painful Truth and Arrogance…………………….70 Suppressed Rebellion and the Federal National Assembly, 1972…………………………………………………. 73 Return to Legality, Reason and Hope……………………………74 vi Durable Tangible and Intangible Bonds………………………… 76 The World: A Global Village…………………………………… 78 The Kingdom of Belgium and Others………………………….. 79 Anglophones could not have voted for Self-Annihilation………. 81 Evolution of Southern Cameroons: Basic Mile Posts…………… 82 Partition of German Kamerun………………………………….. 83 Condominium League of Nation Mandates…………………….. 83 UN Trusteeship Period: 1946-60/61…………………………… 87 The Rise of Nationalism…………………………………………88 Role of Native Authorities……………………………………… 90 French Policy of Assimilation………………………………….. 91 Policies: Socio-Economic and Political…………………………. 93 Seeding Reunification……………………………………………94 Southern Cameroonian Roots: Victoria Colony (1858-1886)…… 95 Alfred Saker’s Hinterland Vision……………………………….. 101 A broad Conclusion…………………………………………….. 103 Chapter Four: Southern Cameroons: Political Maturity…… 105 An Evolved Political Crisis…………………………………….. 105 Qualifications and Political Leadership…………………………..108 Distinct Southern Cameroons Political Culture…………………. 115 Peaceful, Harmonious Transfer of Power in 1959………………. 116 The Sagacity of Traditional Rulers……………………………….117 High Calibre Political Leaders: Products of their Time…………. 118 “Maquizzards,” Rebels, Nationalists, or Freedom Fighters………122 “Jocular” Not Bloody fights…………………………………….. 126 Political Leaders: Past, Present and Global…………………….. 127 Visionary Leaders: Simple, Austere, Honest and Realistic………. 130 Malcolm Milne pays glowing tribute to Foncha Cabinet…………131 A unique Southern Cameroons Civil Service……………………. 132 Cameroonisation………………………………………………... 134 Chapter 5: President Ahidjo: Alpha and Omega……………. 139 A larger than life French Creation………………………………. 139 Ahidjo: Solid steps towards a Federal Constitution………………142 Work of joint Federal Constitution Committee…………………. 144 Geopolitical Contradictions: Federal Inspectorates……………... 147 [54.174.85.205] Project MUSE (2024-03-29 14:10 GMT) vii Emergency Laws: Opposition Leaders Jailed…………………… 153 The Ebolowa UC Congress, 1962……………………………… 156 Deceit, Falsehood and Terror……………………………………157 The Unitary State Already Envisaged in 1964!................................... 159 Subverting the KNDP, “Unitary Group” Partner………………..161 Attempted Reformers within the UC-KNDP Unity Group…….. 163 The CUC……………………………………………………….. 165 Formation of the Cameroon National Union (CNU)…………… 168 Proof: CUC First to Fuse with UC………………………………173 Inexplicable Absence of the “Ahidjo Factor”……………………175 Malcolm Milne and President Ahidjo…………………………… 177 Conclusion………………………………………………………178 Postscript……………………………………………………… 181 Historiography…………………………………………………189 Epilogue……………………………………………………….. 195 Appendices (I-VI)……………………………………….…… 212 Bibliography…………………………………………………... 243 Index……………………………………………………………245 viii ...