China and Capitalism: A History of Business Enterprise in Modern China

Notes

Chapter 1 1 Xu Dixin and Wu Chengming, Zhongguo ziben zhuyi fazhan shi (A history of the development of capitalism in China), Beijing: Renmin chubanshe, 1985–1993, 3 volumes, of which volume 1 is available in English translation as Xu Dixin and Wu Chengming, eds. Chinese Capitalism, 1522–1840, Basingstoke: Macmillan, 2000; Ma Min and Zhu Ying, Chuantong yu jindai de erchong bianzou: wan Qing Suzhou shanghui gean yanjiu (Duet of tradition and modernity: A case study of the Suzhou Chamber of Commerce in the late Qing), Chengdu: Bashu shushe, 1993, and Ma Min, Guanshang zhi jian: shehui jubian zhong de jindai shenshang (Between the merchant and the official: The gentry merchant in a time of momentous social change), Tianjin: Tianjin renmin, 1995. Ma Min’s argument may be found in English summary in Ma Min, “Emergent civil society in the late Qing dynasty: The case of Suzhou”, in David Faure and Tao Tao Liu, eds. Town and Country in China: Identity and Perception, Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002, pp. 145–65. 2 Among the exceptions must be included: Thomas G. Rawski, Economic Growth in Prewar China, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989; Thomas G. Rawski and Lillian M. Li, eds. Chinese History in Economic Perspective, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992; Sherman Cochran, Big Business in China: Sino-foreign Rivalry in the Cigarette Industry, 1890–1930, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990; Encountering Chinese Networks: Western, Japanese, and Chinese Corporations in China, 1880– 1937, Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000; Ramon Myers, The Chinese Peasant Economy: Agricultural Development in Hopei and Shantung, 1890–1949, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1970; and Albert Feuerwerker, China’s Early Industrialization, Sheng Hsuan-huai (1844–1916) and Mandarin Enterprise, New York: Atheneum 1970 (first ed. 1958). 3 Guo Daoyang, Zhongguo kuaiji shi gao (A history of Chinese accounting), Beijing: Zhongguo caizheng jingji chubanshe, 1982, 1988; and Gao Zhiyu, Zhongguo kuaiji fazhan jianshi (A concise history of Chinese accounting), Henan renmin chubanshe, 1985. Notes 4 For some background on this argument, see Etienne Balazs, Chinese Civilization and Bureaucracy: Variations on a Theme; transl. and edited by Arthur F. Wright, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1964; and Lloyd E. Eastman, Family, Fields, and Ancestors, Constancy and Change in China’s Social and Economic History, 1550–1949, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988. 5 Mary Clabaugh Wright, ed. China in Revolution: The First Phase, 1900– 1913, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1968. 6 For description of social and political changes in the Republican period, see Henrietta Harrison, The Making of the Republican Citizen: Political Ceremonies and Symbols in China 1911–1929, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000, and John Fitzgerald, Awakening China: Politics, Culture, and Class in the Nationalist Revolution, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1996. 7 Background of policy changes in the late 1970s and 1980s may be found in Joseph Fewsmith, Dilemmas of Reform in China: Political Conflict and Economic Debate, Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 1994; China’s Second Revolution: Reform after Mao, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, c. 1987. Chapter 2 1 Andre Gunder Frank, Reorient: Global Economy in the Asian Age, Berkeley, London: University of California Press, 1998; Kenneth Pomeranz, The Great Divergence: China, Europe, and the Making of the Modern World Economy, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000. 2 J. Y. Wong, Deadly Dreams, Opium and the Arrow War (1856–1860) in China, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998, pp. 337–60. 3 Raymond Dawson, The Chinese Chameleon: An Analysis of European Conceptions of Chinese Civilization, London: Oxford University Press, 1967. 4 On this interpretation of the classical economics background to Capital, see Louis Dumont, From Mandeville to Marx: The Genesis and Triumph of Economic Ideology, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1977. 5 Max Weber, Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978; Karl Polanyi, The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time, Boston: Beacon Press, 1957; Fernand Braudel, Civilization and Capitalism 15th– 18th Century, transl. by Sian Reynolds, London: Collins, 1981. 6 The word “lineage” is used in Chinese social history to refer to groups of people of the same surname tracing ancestry from a common ancestor. 100 Notes to pages 4–14 7 For some of these thoughts in the eighteenth century, see Helen Dunstan, Conflicting Counsels to Confuse the Age: A Documentary Study of Political Economy in Qing China, 1644–1840, Ann Arbor: Centre for Chinese Studies, University of Michigan, 1996. 8 The recognition...