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Acknowledgements 1 Never ha d I realized ho w a scholar wa s indebted t o s o man y people an d organization s unti l I starte d thi s research . M y deepest gratitud e goe s t o Dr . Norma n G . Owe n o f th e Univer sity o f Hon g Kong , wh o deal t wit h al l th e question s tha t aros e during the course of the research with keen insigh t an d endurin g patience. This boo k woul d no t hav e bee n publishe d withou t hi s encouragement an d support . The following people gave me various directions in my search for materials in the Philippines in August 1988 : Professor Theres a Chong Carin o o f Chin a Studie s Program , D e L a Sall e Univer sity ; Mrs . Teresita An g Se e an d Mr . G o Bo n Juan o f Kaisa Par a Sa Kaunlaran , Inc. ; Mr . G . Che n o f th e Manil a Chines e Pres s xvi Acknowledges Club; Mr . V . Ta n o f the Federatio n o f Fil-Chinese Chamber s o f Commerce & Industry ; an d Dr . Serafi n D . Quiaso n o f th e Na tional Historica l Institute . Th e followin g organization s gav e m e hearty reception s an d generousl y offere d m e thei r publications : Headquarters Wh a Ch i Veteran s M M Post ; COWH M Veteran s Association (Nationa l Headquarters) ; an d th e Confederatio n o f Filipino Chines e Veterans . I have t o expres s m y gratitud e espe cially to Mr. and Mrs . R. Leong, Mr. and Mrs . B. Lao, Miss J. Sze and Mr . Y . N g fo r thei r hospitalit y durin g m y sta y i n Manila . I visited Guangzho u twic e durin g m y research, i n Decembe r 1988 and January 1989 . There I was given acces s to th e librarie s of th e followin g institutes : Institut e o f Southeas t Asia n Studie s and Institut e o f Overseas Chinese Studies , Jinan University; an d Institute o f Southeas t Asia n Studie s o f Zhongshan University . I was muc h enlightene d b y th e suggestion s o f Professo r Huan g Zisheng o f Jina n University . I woul d als o lik e t o than k th e members o f th e Friendl y Associatio n o f Returne d Philippin e Chinese fo r thei r friendlines s an d cooperation . In Ma y an d Jun e 1990 , I staye d i n Washingto n D.C . t o collect informatio n fro m th e America n militar y record s o n th e Philippines durin g th e wa r period . I a m gratefu l t o Mr . Joh n Taylor an d Mr . Wilber t B . Mahoney o f th e Militar y Referenc e Branch, Nationa l Archive s an d Record s Administration , an d the staf f o f th e Washingto n Nationa l Record s Cente r fo r al l their assistance . Dr . Alfre d McCo y o f Universit y o f Wisconsin , Madison, gav e m e muc h guidanc e an d encouragemen t throug h our telephon e conversations . I a m als o greatl y indebte d t o Mr . and Mrs . Pau l H o an d thei r famil y fo r thei r warmt h an d kind ness durin g m y stay . This researc h wa s finance d b y a postgraduat e studentshi p and a postgraduat e researc h gran t fro m 198 8 t o 1990 , an d a Swire Scholarshi p fro m 198 9 t o 1990 . I a m als o gratefu l t o th e Committee o n Swir e Scholarshi p fo r th e awar d o f th e Swir e Travel Gran t i n 1990 , without whic h m y trip t o th e U.S . woul d have bee n impossible . Last bu t no t least , I woul d lik e t o expres s m y earnes t ac - [3.133.108...

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