Indonesian Muslim Intellectuals of the Twentieth Century

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Indonesian Muslim Intellectuals of the 20th Century The฀ Institute฀ of฀ Southeast฀ Asian฀ Studies฀ (ISEAS)฀ was฀ established฀ as฀ an฀ autonomous฀ organization฀ in฀ 1968.฀ It฀ is฀ a฀ regional฀centre฀dedicated฀to฀the฀study฀of฀socio-political,฀security฀ and฀economic฀trends฀and฀developments฀in฀Southeast฀Asia฀and฀ its฀wider฀geostrategic฀and฀economic฀environment. ฀ The฀Institute’s฀research฀programmes฀are฀the฀Regional฀Economic฀ Studies฀(RES,฀including฀ASEAN฀and฀APEC),฀Regional฀Strategic฀and฀ Political฀Studies฀(RSPS),฀and฀Regional฀Social฀and฀Cultural฀Studies฀ (RSCS). ISEAS฀Publications,฀an฀established฀academic฀press,฀has฀issued฀ more฀than฀1,000฀books฀and฀journals.฀It฀is฀the฀largest฀scholarly฀ publisher฀ of฀ research฀ about฀ Southeast฀ Asia฀ from฀ within฀ the฀ region.฀ ISEAS฀ Publications฀ works฀ with฀ many฀ other฀ academic฀ and฀trade฀publishers฀and฀distributors฀to฀disseminate฀important฀ research฀and฀analyses฀from฀and฀about฀Southeast฀Asia฀to฀the฀rest฀ of฀the฀world. The฀Southeast฀Asia฀Background฀Series฀is฀a฀major฀component฀ of฀ the฀ Public฀ Outreach฀ objective฀ of฀ ISEAS฀ in฀ promoting฀ a฀ better฀ awareness฀ among฀ the฀ general฀ public฀ about฀ trends฀ and฀ developments฀in฀Southeast฀Asia.฀ ฀ The฀books฀published฀in฀the฀Southeast฀Asia฀Background฀Series฀ are฀ made฀ possible฀ by฀ a฀ generous฀ grant฀ from฀ the฀ K฀ S฀ Sandhu฀ Memorial฀Fund. 00฀FM฀IndoMuslim฀ii-viii.indd฀฀฀2 2/17/06฀฀฀4:25:46฀PM Indonesian Muslim Intellectuals of the 20th Century Sout heast Asia Backgr ound Ser ies N o. 8 H oward M. Federspiel First฀published฀in฀Singapore฀in฀2006฀by ISEAS฀Publications Institute฀of฀Southeast฀Asian฀Studies 30฀Heng฀Mui฀Keng฀Terrace,฀Pasir฀Panjang Singapore฀119614 E-mail:฀publish@iseas.edu.sg฀ •฀ Website:฀bookshop.iseas.edu.sg All฀rights฀reserved.฀No฀part฀of฀this฀publication฀may฀be฀reproduced, stored฀in฀a฀retrieval฀system,฀or฀transmitted฀in฀any฀form฀or฀by฀any means,฀electronic,฀mechanical,฀photocopying,฀recording฀or฀otherwise, without฀the฀prior฀permission฀of฀the฀Institute฀of฀Southeast฀Asian฀ Studies.©฀2006฀Institute฀of฀Southeast฀Asian฀Studies,฀Singapore The฀responsibility฀for฀facts฀and฀opinions฀in฀this฀publication฀rests฀ exclusively฀with฀the฀author฀and฀his฀interpretations฀do฀not฀necessarily฀ reflect฀the฀views฀or฀the฀policy฀of฀the฀publisher฀or฀its฀supporters. ISEAS฀Library฀Cataloguing-in-Publication฀Data Federspiel,฀Howard฀M. ฀ Indonesian฀Muslim฀intellectuals฀of฀the฀twentieth฀century. ฀ (Southeast฀Asia฀Background฀Series;฀8) ฀ 1.฀Intellectuals—Indonesia—20th฀century. ฀ 2.฀Muslims—Indonesia—Intellectual฀life—20th฀century. ฀ 3.฀Islam—Indonesia—Societies,฀etc.—History—20th฀century. ฀ I.฀Title. ฀ III.฀Series. DS625฀F29฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 2006 ISBN฀981-230-299-9 Typeset฀by฀International฀Typesetters฀Pte฀Ltd Printed฀in฀Singapore฀by฀Utopia฀Press฀Pte฀Ltd 00฀FM฀IndoMuslim฀ii-viii.indd฀฀฀4 2/17/06฀฀฀4:25:48฀PM ...