Negotiating Religion in Modern China: State and Common People in Guangzhou, 1900–1937

Contents

Contents List of Maps and Figures vii Acknowledgements ix Introduction 1 Religion, Modernity, and the Reordering of Urban Space 4 Guangzhou and its Political and Cultural Setting 6 Sources and Structure of the Book 11 Chapter 1 Collapse of the Imperial Order 17 Introduction 17 State, Society, and Religion in Late Imperial Guangzhou 18 The Late Qing Reforms and the Revamping of the 24 Religious Landscape Superstition: A Modernist Discourse in the Making 27 The 1911 Revolution and the Measures against Religion 35 Conclusion 38 Chapter 2 Religion and State-making in the Early 1920s 41 Introduction 41 State-building, Urban Planning, and the Expropriation of Temples 42 Popular Resistance and the Triumph of the Nationalists 52 Changes in the Religious Landscape 58 Conclusion 64 Chapter 3 Politicizing Superstition and Remaking Urban Space 67 Introduction 67 A Modern State in Search of a Modern Society 68 Reordering the Urban Landscape: New Civic and Religious Space 72 Negotiating Religion.indd 5 2010/11/30 4:40:50 PM vi Content Removal of the City God and Diviners 78 Nationalizing Religious Space: From Divine Power to Native Goods 83 Conclusion 90 Chapter 4 Refashioning Rituals and Festivals 93 Introduction 93 New Civic Rituals and the Solar Calendar 94 Remaking the Double Seventh Festival 100 Nationalizing the Hungry Ghost Festival 108 Conclusion 116 Chapter 5 Government and the Remaking of Religion in the 1930s 117 Introduction 117 Reusing Ancient Sages and the Making of a New Religion 118 Accommodating Buddhism in the New Political Culture 125 Witch-hunting and the “Purification” of Daoism 136 Conclusion 142 Conclusion Negotiating Religion in Republican Chinese Cities 145 Notes 157 Bibliography 183 Index 201 Negotiating Religion.indd 6 2010/11/30 4:40:50 PM ...