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Glossary of Russian Terms Aul: A highland village settlement in the Caucasus (the association with a highland location has weakened lately) Bai (Turkish): A rich land and cattle owner. Basmaches (Turkish): Literally “bandits,” an armed anti-Soviet movement in Central Asia in the 1920–1930s. Dashnaks: A shortened name of the followers of the Armenian nationalistic political party “Dashnaktsutyun,” which was founded in 1890 and supported the autonomy of Western Armenia within Turkey and the consequent establishment of an independent Armenian state. Dessiatina: obsolete Russian measure of area ( = approx. 2.75 acres) Gubernia, also Gub. and Gubs. (plural): A territorial administrative unit in the Russian Empire, abolished by the Soviet government in 1923. Innokentyevtsy: An Orthodox sect founded in 1908 by Innokenty, a hieromonk of the Baltsky Monastery, a self-proclaimed embodiment of the Holy Spirit. Khutor: A small (initially containing one household) village settlement, a seasonal or permanent residence of a group of relatives who maintain economic relations with a village or a stanitsa, of which the khutor had once been a part. Kray: A territorial administrative unit, similar to an oblast, but usually containing an autonomous oblast within its boundaries. Oblast, also Obl. and Obls. (plural): A territorial administrative unit, corresponding to a province. Okrug: An administrative territorial unit forming part of an oblast. Stanitsa: A large Cossack settlement (derived from the name of a Cossack detachment). Troika: An “arbitrary” court system of three people to accelerate arrests and prosecution on a local level, abolished in fall 1938. Uyezd: A territorial administrative unit in the Russian Empire, larger than a present district; was abolished by the Soviet authorities in the 1920s, but continued to exist in the Baltic states and Bessarabia until the 1940s. ...

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