Polar Tourism: A Tool for Regional Development

Index

A access, 11, 24, 29, 37, 42, 49, 54, 55, 66, 67, 88, 91, 93, 113, 116, 122, 123, 132, 134, 139, 142, 149, 152, 158, 160, 170, 212, 232 accommodation, 31, 35, 38, 45, 47, 56, 140, 143, 191, 215 adventure, 8, 9, 33, 66, 69, 80, 84, 89, 91, 92, 104, 105, 133, 157, 171, 216, 224, 235, 236 traveler, 91 Adventure Network, 31 Africa, 132, 169 air, 1, 11, 44, 49, 65, 120, 135, 139, 142, 161, 193, 214, 216, 218 aircraft, 47 airport, 39, 134 Alaska, 11, 32, 37, 64, 65, 67, 68, 70, 75, 169 Amerindian, 161 Anishnabee, 161 Antarctic, 10, 11, 17, 20, 24, 29-35, 38-40, 44-46, 54, 57-59, 61-66, 68, 70, 72, 84-86, 105, 150-152, 175, 208-210, 214-225, 232, 233, 245-250, 252, 254 Antarctic Heritage Trust, 38, 47, 246 Antarctic Historic Places Trust, 46 Antarctic Peninsula, 11, 66, 217, 219, 221, 223-225, 248 Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings (ATCM), 208, 221 Antarctic Treaty System (ATS), 31, 208, 209, 214, 217, 218, 223 Index 24303.indb 261 11-10-12 10:49 AM 262 Polar Tourism: A Tool for Regional Development Antarctica, 10, 14, 20, 24, 31, 37, 38, 40, 44-46, 49, 58, 60, 62, 66-68, 86, 96, 207, 209, 210, 214-217, 220-225, 227, 228, 233, 243, 245, 248-250, 252 Arctic, 3, 4, 6, 10, 11, 14, 17-24, 29-31, 33, 34, 37-42, 44, 45, 47, 49-51, 53, 54, 57-59, 62-65, 68, 71, 72, 75, 76, 79, 80, 84-96, 98, 100, 102, 104-108, 110-117, 119, 122, 124, 125, 129, 131, 132, 150-152, 156, 167, 168, 175, 177, 225, 227, 228, 236, 247-250, 252, 253 circumpolar –, 6, 10, 14, 21, 40, 63, 74-76 Arctic Circle, 14, 75 Arctowski research station, 216 Argentina, 31, 32, 34, 38, 44, 210, 218, 223, 250 Arjeplog, 140, 141 art, 19, 38, 45, 111, 112, 114, 116, 122, 126, 127, 157, 181, 183, 184, 190, 193, 200, 201, 202, 248 Artemis, 32 Arvidsjaur, 139, 140, 141 Assembly of First Nations, 114, 126 assimilation, 100, 159, 187, 189, 202 Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO), 32, 57, 58, 85, 219, 224, 228, 247 Australia, 24, 32, 34, 39, 168, 169, 174, 175 authenticity, 49, 89, 95, 104, 117, 157, 170, 195 Avataq Cultural Institute, 109, 111, 116, 122, 123, 126 B backpacking, 91 Baffin Island, 65 balance of payments, 43, 47 band, 158, 163 Barents Spektakkel, 183 barrier, 29, 76, 82 bear, 63, 170, 176, 177 behaviour, 17, 88-91, 93-95, 101, 103, 183, 186, 199, 228, 231, 235 Belarus, 34 Belgium, 32, 34 benefit, 8, 11, 12, 24-31, 34, 35, 37, 41-45, 47-49, 51-56, 89, 113, 120, 126, 158-160, 167, 169, 212, 229, 234, 237, 254 biodiversity, 30, 160, 214 Brazil, 34 British Columbia, 70, 75, 97, 167, 168, 176-178 Brundtland Commission, 210 Bulgaria, 34 C calculative thinking, 88, 89 Cambridge Bay, 43, 255 camping, 68, 91 Canada, 1, 6, 14, 17, 18, 24, 30, 32, 34-40, 43, 46, 57, 61, 63, 65, 70, 87, 97, 103, 104, 107, 110, 127, 134, 135, 151, 155-157, 161, 165, 167-169, 171, 174178 , 187, 210, 225, 254, 255 carbon, 50, 152, 254 catering, 35, 38, 44, 45, 47, 56, 131, 140, 162 Chile, 31, 32, 34, 38, 44, 210 China, 34 Christmas, 64, 69 circumpolar, 6, 10, 14, 21, 40, 63, 74-76 climate, 2, 10, 11, 18, 23, 25, 30, 31, 54, 57, 65, 70, 71, 76, 77, 102, 104, 130, 133, 136, 198, 215, 229, 235, 243, 252 24303.indb 262 11-10-12 10:49 AM Index 263 change, 10, 11, 18, 23, 25, 30, 54, 57, 65, 71, 136, 215, 229, 243, 252 code of conduct, 91, 105 Cold War, 10, 64 Colombia, 34 community, 11, 12, 14, 15, 18-20, 24, 26, 28, 30, 31, 33, 34, 37, 38, 41, 45, 48-51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 77, 87, 88, 92, 96, 99, 101, 102, 106, 109-120, 122, 124126 , 130, 136, 137, 139, 149, 150, 156-161, 163-165, 167, 169-177, 181-183, 186-190, 193, 195-197, 199, 203-205, 211-214, 227, 252-254 compliance, 91 conceptualization, 28, 83, 97, 204, 212 consequentialism, 89 conservation, 6, 12, 44, 49, 50, 89, 93, 97, 101, 112, 114...