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337 Biographical Profiles Adrian, Edgar Douglas (1889–1975). E. D. Adrian was a British physiologist and physician who conducted his clinical work at St. Bartholomew’s Hospital in London and earned his MD in 1915. Adrian acted as a lecturer at Trinity College and later succeeded Joseph Barcroft as professor of physiology at the University of Cambridge. He remained at Cambridge until his retirement in 1951. Adrian studied the nervous system, including the electrical impulses caused by stimuli which caused pain, as well as olfaction and the electrical activity of the brain. He shared the 1923 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Charles Sherrington for his work regarding the functions of the neuron. Barcroft, Joseph (1872–1947). Joseph Barcroft, an Irish physiologist, earned his BA from the University of Cambridge in 1896. In 1900 he accepted the position of lecturer in natural science, which he held until he succeeded J. N. Langley as professor of physiology . He is best known for his research regarding the respiratory function of blood, which he studied during two high altitude expeditions that he also led—Teneriffe (1910) and Monta Rosa (1911). He invented a differential blood gas manometer and his classic book, The Respiratory Function of the Blood, was published in 1914. He delivered the Dunham lectures at Harvard Medical School in 1929, which were eventually published as Features in the Architecture of Physiological Functions (1934). Barcroft spent the latter part of his career studying the physiology of the developing fetus, and was knighted in 1935. Bartlett, Frederick Charles (1886–1969). F. C. Bartlett was a noted British psychologist, famous for his work on cognition, especially his research on memory and on thinking. His graduate training was at Cambridge, where he completed the memory studies that were eventually published in his best-known work, Remembering: A Study in Experimental and Social Psychology (1932). In 1922 he became director of the psychology laboratory at Cambridge, remaining in the position until 1952, and training a generation of British research psychologists, including Donald Broadbent, who was later famous for his research on selective attention. Bartlett was knighted in 1948; three years later he was awarded the Royal Medal, Britain’s highest scientific honor. 338 walter miles and his 1920 grand tour Bazett, H. C. (1885–1950). H. C. Bazett was a British physician who earned his MD from Oxford in 1910. He was awarded the Radcliffe Traveling Fellowship in 1912. Bazett spent twelve months at Harvard University doing postgraduate research before returning to Oxford to work as a demonstrator in pathology. He lectured at Oxford in clinical physiology from 1919 to 1921, when he accepted a professorship in physiology at Pennsylvania State University. Bazett remained at Penn State until his death in 1950. He studied temperature control and blood circulation and often used himself as a subject, attaching different thermocouples to his own arm, which were then attached to galvanometers. Bertrand, Gabriel (1867–1962). Gabriel Bertrand was a French chemist who is best known for his discovery of the element manganese in plant life and his subsequent development of the concept of trace elements. He earned his PhD from the École de Pharmacie in Paris in 1904 and worked as an assistant to Albert Arnauld from 1890 to 1900. Bertrand was hired by the Pasteur Institute in 1900 as a staff member of the Biochemistry Institute and eventually chaired the department from 1908 until his retirement in 1937. Bose, Acharya J. C. (1858–1937). A. J. C. Bose, a native of India, earned a BA from Cambridge and a BSc from London University. He then returned to India, becoming a professor of physics at Presidency College, Calcutta. There he developed a controversial theory that plants have nervous systems analogous to those of humans and could therefore respond to electrical stimulation and feel pain. In 1917 he created the Bose Institute in West Bengal, India, a pioneering research laboratory of biophysics, botany, and biochemistry that continues its work today. Bose frequently lectured in England, and in 1920 became the first native of India to be made a Fellow of the Royal Society. The British government also knighted him. Bull, Lucien (1876–1972). Lucien Bull was an amateur photographer and an assistant to Étienne Jules Marey. He joined the Marey Institute in 1895, developing and printing chronophotographic negatives. Following Marey’s death in 1904, Bull began his own research, which included high-speed studies of insect flight. He later became the subdirector of the institute. Bull hosted Raymond...

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