New Essays on Adam Smith’s Moral Philosophy

Index

229 index A Action: acceptability of, 104; communicative, 62; from duty alone, 103n16; meritorious, 101; morally wrong, 104; proper, 101; punishable, 101, 106 Actions: judgment based on motives and consequences, 105, 106 Activity: imaginative, 119n8 Activity, commercial: deceptive nature of sense of fairness in, 5; distribution in, 88; in early Scotland, 20, 21; evaluating from moral perspective, 75; injustice in as form of theft, 73, 74; manipulation and coercion in, 5, 73, 74; manipulation of while giving appearance of fairness, 92; political aspects of, 72, 73, 74; as political realm with manipulation and coercion, 90; power relations in, 92; pursuit of self-interest through, 71; social contexts of, 5, 6 Adam, James, 22 Adam, Robert, 22, 25 Adam Smith Problem, 3, 4, 35, 36, 45–69, 71; solution to, 63–69 Addison, Joseph, 11, 17, 23, 27, 216, 217 Admiration, 77, 77n13 Aesthetics: early writings on, 22; evolution of, 16; lack of in lower classes, 17, 26 Afterlife, 203–206 Agency: availability of, 14; moral life and, 14 Alienation, 4, 58, 61, 213; between agent and spectator, 52; caused by social division of labor, 55; caused by technical division of labor, 55; forms of, 55 Ambition, 219–221 Anger, 152–154; toward causes of hurt, 161 Approbation: from appropriate conduct, 3; consequences of desire for, 37; factual, 140; incentivization of morally questionable actions and, 42; just and proper objects of, 140; loss of, 41; from material possessions, 3, 4, 35, 36, 37–40; mechanism for gaining, 37–40; moral, 3, 36, 37, 38, 39, 39n5, 40; positive consequences of, 38, 39; relation to fellowfeeling , 124; relation to sympathy, 126; self, 142; social, 40; sources of, 102; theoretical descriptions of, 4; trading moral for material, 40; wealth, 3; willingness to take risks for, 40; worthiness for, 171 Approval. See Approbation Aristotle, 111, 197 Ashcraft, Richard, 74 Atheism, 198, 203n21 Authenticity, 64 B Beattie, James, 20, 22, 26, 27 Beauty: criteria of, 26 Beliefs, 7; imagination and, 117 230 new essays on adam smith’s moral philosophy Benevolence, 124n17; built on principle of commonness, 65; butcher, brewer, baker and, 166, 167, 168; justice and, 65; possibility of, 65 Bissonette, Vincent, 8, 137–150 Bittermann, Henry, 71, 89 Blackburn, Simon, 95, 125 Blame, 141 Blaug, Mark, 74n10 Brandt, Roger, 99 Buckle, Stephen, 72, 72n5, 78n14 Buffier, Claude, 26 Burke, Edmund, 18 Burney, Charles, 29, 31 Butcher, brewer, baker, 165–172; agreements with customers, 167, 168, 169; benevolence and, 166, 167; obligations of, 166, 167, 168; providing for others and, 167; self-interest of, 45; trust and, 166; understanding of exchange and, 166 Butler, Joseph, 128n25, 129, 151, 151n1, 153, 157, 160, 161 C Calvinism, 20 Campbell, George, 22 Campbell, T.D., 78n15, 102, 115, 116 Capital, 56; accumulation of, 84; owners of, 84 Capitalism: general truth of, 2; labor struggles in, 6; moral critique of, 71–72 Causality: Hume on, 141–143; naturalistic, 8, 144; rooted in imagination, habit, experience, 144; specificities and inconsistencies of, 141 Cause and effect, 176, 179 Chambers, Ephraim, 15 Chambers, William, 23 Cleanthes, 175–182 Cohen, Edward, 76 Commerce: ethicolegal regulations of, 5; morally neutral or corrupt, 82; securing moral foundation through, 74 Commercial: exchange relations, 53, 54, 57; society, 4, 5, 41, 42, 46, 53–57 Communication: detachment of arts from, 24; need for sympathetic social relations for, 66, 67; sympathy as means of, 57; theoretical problems in, 15 Compassion, 115, 116, 117, 120n10, 127; as fear for self, 129 Conjecture: analogy and, 188; arbitrary, 179; beyond experience, 179; imaginative, 178, 186; justified by potential utility, 188; necessity of in scientific discovery, 187; nonarbitrary , 187; possibility of, 186 Conscience, 49, 101; ability to listen to, 53; formation of, 50; guilty, 143; of integrity, 160; naturalized, 143; properlyworking , 144n10; use of, 140 Consciousness: secret, 146 Context: in arts, 14; in commercial activity, 5, 6; differences in, 19, 20; domination by texts, 17; importance of, 14; importance of spectator identification, 24; morality and, 3; sympathy in determination of, 32; of time of writing of The Theory of Moral Sentiments, 19–23; understanding the past and, 14; in which works are made, 18; of writing, 16 231 Conversation: art of, 32; context and, 32; as sacred, 32 Cosmogony, 177 Critique of Judgment (Kant), 23 Custom, 108n23, 110 D D’Alembert, Jean, 15, 16 Darwall, Stephen, 78, 95, 96, 115 Death: in assessment of life, 10; autobiography and, 197; fear of, 198, 198n9 De Brosses, Charles, 30 Deontology, 7...