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237 INDEX Abu-Jamal, Mumia, 211n49, 211n51 African American autobiography, 7, 10, 44, 47, 48, 51, 60 ALA (American Library Association), 166, 219n20, 219n24. See also challenging system of books Allison, Anders, 29 Alonso, Alex, 23, 33, 38, 118, 195n25, 198n113, 203n62 Am I Black Enough for You? (Boyd), 10 American Gangster (television series), 40 American Me (Griffin, book), 34, 100–101 American Me (Olmos, movie), 29, 34, 196n62 American Writers of Color Literary Agency, 32 Anderson, Stephen, 29 Andrews, William, 51 Angelou, Maya, 17, 32 Anshaw, Carol, 130, 136 Atlantic magazine, 29, 125, 132, 133–35 Atlantic/Grove press, 36, 37, 40, 189n1 audience studies. See reception studies/ theories authenticity: discourses, 28, 38; in film, 28, 50; in gang memoirs, 17, 48, 53–54, 58, 117, 124, 133, 135, 155, 160, 163, 180, 186; in gangsta rap, 155; in media, 30, 34; in prison literature, 54; in representational debates 58, 134, 135 autobiographical novels, 30, 101, 197n73 Autobiography and Black Identity Politics (Mostern), 52 Autobiography of Malcolm X, The. See Malcolm X autobiography theory/criticism, 14, 16, 43, 44–45, 47–49, 51, 54, 89 Aztlan Underground, 34 Badman/“bad nigger,” 67, 68, 75, 86–87, 88, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 207n58 Bakeer, Donald, 21, 29 Bakhtin, Mikhail, 106 Bal, Mieke, 16, 193n52 Bantam House publishers, 33, 34 Barrios, Gregg, 130 Becnel, Barbara, 13, 37–39, 80, 183, 199n126, 199n131, 199n132, 218n129 Best, Joel, 126, 128 BET (Black Entertainment Television), 40 Bey, Twilight, 21, 207n50 Bing, Leon, 35, 36, 40, 144, 189n4, 198n113, 219n24 black cultural studies, 12, 43, 56, 58, 59, 63, 124, 134, 135. See also British cultural studies Index 238 black experience novels, 31, 197n78 black history month, 113 Black Panther party, 21, 22, 169, 194n7 Black Power, 21, 31, 51, 53, 56, 87, 88, 91, 92, 102 Blackwell, James, 22 blaxploitation films, 28, 86, 207n58, 208n67 Bloods (gang), 21, 35, 73, 75, 85 Blue Rage (television movie), 40 bodybuilding. See masculinity Boogie Down Productions, 28 book industry/bookstores, 32, 36 Bookseller, 125, 145 Boyd, Todd, 10, 11, 12, 28, 29, 30, 56, 58, 59, 60, 64, 134–35, 196n62, 208n72 Boyz N The Hood, 27, 29, 94 British cultural studies, 12, 14, 25, 45, 56, 61. See also CCCS Browitt, Jeff, 46 Browne, Claude, 146 Broyles, Williams, 35–36, 37 Brumble, David, 9, 11, 14, 40, 48, 60, 64, 77–78, 104, 107, 139, 160, 193n51, 200n144, 200n145, 221n11 Buckeye Review, 141 Bush, George H. W., 22, 24, 139 Buzz, 133, 145 Cable TV Chicago, 130 Canada, Geoffrey, 40, 78 Carey-Webb, Allen, 160, 176 Carr, James, 7, 46, 52 Carson, Clayborne, 71 Caster, Peter, 52, 202n42, 208n75 CBS, 132, 136 CCCS (Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies), 25, 45, 56, 58 celebrity, 15; culture, 144, 217n121; status of gang memoirists, 140, 144–45; studies, 141, 170 censorship, 15; as good publicity, 138; of gang memoirs/memoirists, 140, 147, 166; of rap, 50, 127, 202n32; trends, 68, 81–82, 169; within gang memoirs, 88. See also challenging system of books; PMRC; ratings code challenging system of books, 166, 167, 219n20, 219n24, 219n42 Chicago Sun Times, 130 Chicana/o literature, 9, 100, 159 Chicano movement, 10, 51, 69, 87, 92, 93, 95, 99, 100–101, 102, 114, 129, 169, 211n43 cholo, 20, 25, 34, 48, 156, 161, 210n25 Chuck D, 6 Civil Rights Act of 1964, 72 civil rights movement, 10, 50, 51, 56, 67, 70, 102, 169, 176 Clancy, John, 36 Cleaver, Eldridge, 31, 46, 52, 53, 95, 109, 110, 112, 135, 146, 181 Clinton, Bill, 24, 32, 33, 132 Coast of Dreams (Starr), 7, 198n102 Colors, 28, 29 Connexion, 130 conservative politics, 30, 70–71, 127, 140. See also Reagan, Ronald conversion, conversion narrative: in Always Running, 4, 85, 108, 114–15, 121, 124, 130–31, 173, 176; in Blue Rage, 4, 58, 77, 78, 108, 111–14, 115, 121, 124, 139, 141, 173–74; in gang memoirs generally, 5, 14, 16, 17, 97, 98, 107, 121, 124, 135, 148, 151, 179–80, 187; in Monster, 78, 91, 108, 110–11, 117, 121, 124, 131, 137–38, 174, 216n90; in postcolonial/minority memoirs, 46, 47, 48, 201n13; in prison literature, 46–47, 107, 112, 137; in rap, 49; in reader reception (classroom), 168, 171, 173–74 Copley Newspaper (La Jolla), 125 Cosby, Rita, 141 Counterpunch, 143 CRASH (Community Resources Against Street Hoodlums), 73. See also LAPD Crips (gang), 3, 4, 19, 21–22, 23, 25, 27, 29, 35, 37, 40, 73...

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