The Native Landscape Reader

Notes

295 notes intRoduCtion 1. Pollan, “Against Nativism.” 2. Patell, “The Language of Pests”; Peretti, “Nativism and Nature”; Gobster, “Invasive Species as an Ecological Threat.” 3. Subramaniam, “The Aliens Have Landed!,” 34. 4. Gröning and Wolschke-Bulmahn, “Some Notes on the Mania for Native Plants”; see also Gröning and Wolschke-Bulmahn, “Response.” 5. Gröning and Wolschke-Bulmahn, “Some Notes on the Mania for Native Plants,” 121–24; see also Wolschke-Bulmahn, “The ‘Wild Garden’ and the ‘Nature Garden.’” 6. Wolschke-Bulmahn, “The Mania for Native Plants in Nazi Germany,” 68. 7. Ibid. 8. Egan and Tishler, “Jens Jensen, Native Plants, and the Concept of Nordic Superiority.” 9. Jens Jensen, speech to the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom meeting , Chicago, May 31, 1924, Anita McCormick Blaine Papers, box 765, Wisconsin Historical Society, Madison. I thank William Tishler for sharing this source with me. 10. Jensen to Frank A. Waugh, April 13, 1936, Jensen archives, Sterling Morton Library, Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois (hereafter cited as Morton). 11. Egan and Tishler, “Jens Jensen, Native Plants, and the Concept of Nordic Superiority,” 23. 12. Jensen to Genevieve Gillette, undated, Morton. 13. Jensen and Eskil, “Natural Parks and Gardens,” 18. Stephen Christy, in “Jens Jensen: The Metamorphosis of an Artist,” noted Jensen’s gradual evolution in abandoning non-native species to emphasizing native plants in increasing ecologically based patterns. See also Grese, Jens Jensen, 151–52. 14. In Siftings, Jensen spoke of preserving lilacs and apple trees near the house of a client (69–70). Similarly, in “Some Gardens of the Middle West,” Jensen described hollyhocks, lilacs, flowering almond, Chinese cherries, and sweetbrier roses planted along a garden wall. 15. Jensen, untitled undated manuscript, Jens Jensen Drawings and Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (hereafter cited as Bentley). 16. Jensen to Camillo Schneider, March 11, 1937, Bentley. 17. Egan and Tishler, “Jens Jensen, Native Plants, and the Concept of Nordic Superiority,” 13; Marinelli, “Natives Revival”; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “Landscaping with Native Plants”; Burrell, Marinelli, and HarperLore , Native Alternatives to Invasive Plants, 8–10; Waitt, “Reply to ‘What Constitutes a Native Plant?’” 18. In Bringing Nature Home, 58–63, Douglas Tallamy suggests that there be some flexibility in moving a plant outside its native range for garden planting, setting the criterion of whether it can “still perform some or even most of its evolutionary roles within its new ecosystem” 296 notEs (62). Accordingly, planting native azaleas from the southern Appalachians within the range of other native azaleas may be reasonable, given that there would be native insects and wildlife that are adapted to a similar species; planting Douglas fir in the eastern United States, far outside its native range of the West, would not be appropriate. 19. Gould, “Evolutionary Perspective,” 9. 20. Reichard and White, “Horticulture as a Pathway of Invasive Plant Introductions,” 110. 21. Simberloff, “Confronting Introduced Species,” 189. 22. Marinelli, “Introduction: Redefining the Weed,” 5–6. 23. Gobster, “Invasive Species.” 24. Waugh, The Natural Style in Landscape Gardening , 16–24, 39; Jensen and Eskil, “Natural Parks and Gardens”; Jensen, Siftings, 39–61, 63–87. 25. Tufts, “Introduction to the Environmental Benefits of Landscaping with Native Plants.” 26. Novak, Nature and Culture, 4. 27. Ibid., 7. 28. Nash, Wilderness and the American Mind, 44–83; Huth, Nature and the American, 21–53. 29. Nash, Wilderness and the American Mind, 54–55. The full title of Bartram’s book is Travels through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and West Florida, the Cherokee Country, the Extensive Territories of the Muscogulges or Creek Confederacy, and the Country of the Chactaws. Containing an Account of the Soil and Natural Productions of Those Regions; Together with Observations on the Manners of the Indians. 30. Elman, First in the Field, 40–44. 31. Huth, Nature and the American, 50–51. 32. Nash, Wilderness and the American Mind, 76. 33. Ibid., 38; H. F. Smith, “The Spell of Nature in Irving’s Famous Stories.” 34. Callow, Kindred Spirits, 3–37, 63–69. 35. Greenough, Form and Function, 58–59, 60. 36. Cranz, Politics of Park Design, 5–7. 37. Beveridge, “Regionalism in Frederick Law Olmsted’s Social Thought,” 212–14. 38. Ibid., 221–23; Wilson, The City Beautiful Movement, 23–25. 39. Beveridge, “Frederick Law Olmsted’s Theory on Landscape Design.” Carol Grove provides an excellent comparison of the gardenesque and picturesque approaches to landscape design and the philosophy behind them in her discussion of Tower Grove Park, St. Louis, Missouri...